تفسیر جلالین میں اسرائیلی روایات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Holy Quran is the most sacred scripture bestowed by Allah Almighty upon his bellowed prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Unlike other scriptures, Allah Almighty himself took the responsibility of safety and safe custody of the Holy Quran. That is why, despite passage of more than 1400 years, the Holy Quran remained intact, wordwise as well as meaningwise and will remain intact till the end of the world. Such a unique status of the Holy Quran could not be tolerated by the enemies of Islam and Prophet of Islam. Therefore, they decided to present Holy Quran as a defective document before its readers. For this purpose, they chose to highlight and exploit the short and abbreviated incidents, described by the Holy Quran, under the term of “Muthashalihat”, by adding and narrating false, nonsense and most astonishing stories, just to divert attention of the readers from the basic learning of Holy Quran, towards un-realistic and bogus stories. Accordingly majority of the readers have shown great interest in these stories, which fall under the title of Israiliat Unfortunately, the said stories are included in dozens of Translations Tafaseer of the Holy Quran. In order to acquaint readers of the actual status of Israiliat, the undersigned has started working on the subject. Since Tafseer-e-Jalalain is included in the Syllabus of Maddaris and being taught for the last many years, therefore, I have chosen the same in the first instance, and pray Allah Almighty to help me out in completing my assignment.

Complexation and Characterization of B-Sitosterol With Metals

Scientific studies expose that the plant sterols in diet supports optimal functioning of immune system. β-sitosterol is a plant sterol which is a natural micro-nutrient found in the cells and membranes of all oil producing plants. It has been proven to be a safe, natural and effective nutritional supplement and has shown amazing potential benefits in many diverse applications. The medicinal application and uses of metals and metal complexes has been subjected to extensive research in recent years. Essential metals when present in excess and Heavy metals have toxic effects on living organism and these effects may be reduced by metal complexation. It prompted us to study the synthesis of β- sitosterol - metal complexes by using different methodologies. Eight new biologically active metal complexes of trace elements such as (Co (II), Cu (II), Fe (III), Mg (II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) and toxic metals such as Pb (II) and Pd (0) have been synthesized and characterized through various techniques such as elemental analysis, Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), UV/visible Spectroscopy (UV/visible), Mass Spectrometry (EIMS), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). From the analytical data, the stoichiometry of all the complexes was found to be 1:2 (metal: ligand) ratio with general formula ML2X.nH2O while βs-Fe complex showed 1:3 metal to ligand ratio having general formula ML3X. The IR spectral data predict that the βs behave as a bidentate ligand with hydroxyl group (OH) and C=C (double bond) groups pointing towards the central metal ion. The UV/visible technique suggested an octahedral geometry of the complexes. In βs-Pd complex, the reagent Tris (dibenzylideneacetone) dipallidum (Pd2 (DBA)3) attached to the ligand (βs) in the form of adduct. The presence of Dibenzylideneacetone (DBA) in the molecule was supported by its IR, EIMS and 1H-NMR data. The AAS data and EDS features indicated the presence and percentage of the elements existing in the ligand and in the metal complexes. The SEM images of ligand and all the metal complexes exhibited different morphological structures due to the interaction of metal with ligand to arrange in the fixed geometry of the complexes. The TG analysis of the complexes are in good agreement with the proposed formulation. The ligand and its metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The results showed that the metal complexes were more active than the ligand (βs). The βs-Fe and βs-Ni complexes exhibited greater antibacterial activities having zone of inhibition ranging between 19-29, 14-33 mm (MIC = 10-96, 52-114 mg/mL) in gram positive and gram negative bacteria respectively. Whereas βs-Co, βs- Cu and βs-Fe complexes were found to possess remarkable antifungal activity having zone of inhibition ranging between 12-30 mm (MIC = 32-140 mg/mL). The βs-Pd complex showed least antimicrobial activity against all the applied bacterial and fungal strains. The metal ion present in the complexes accelerate the anti-microbial activity and the metal complexes are more effective than ligand in term of their biological activity.