In April 2005 three course participants of M.Ed at AKU-IED were sent to the community-based school Sunshine Academy where they executed three different educational projects based on their areas of specialization (Mathematics, English and Science) and school's needs. After having an in-depth understanding of needs certain gaps were found by the team members. Being the leader of the project ‘’to know what is unknown’’, my concern was to address the needs of Mathematics teachers who wanted to enhance their pedagogical knowledge and skills of teaching Algebra. In the light of our experience (project leader and two project participants) this report provides guidance for those teachers, who want to teach algebra meaningfully and enjoyably for students; and teachers educators, who are looking forward to select project development course in their M.Ed. program. The report describes both the processes and the product of the project. The report reviewed the whole process of project development in a reflective way. That project development not only provides the room for developing other teachers effectively, and but also it builds leaders' own capacity of need analyzing, planning, implementing and evaluating the educational projects. For teachers this report provides a perspective on teaching and learning algebra in class 8th. It is discovered during the project that students' understanding will be greatly increased as teachers gain a better understanding of how students learn algebra. Most teachers do not use concrete material because they do not understand the connections between arithmetic and algebra or how students' algebraic understanding, reasoning and thinking kills develop. Introduction of alternative ways of teaching algebra through professional development sessions encompassed the increased use of manipulative in the form of; stories, games, and algebraic tiles. It was explored that as teachers were exposed to the curriculum objectives, they began to utilize instructional method that increased students' understanding of algebraic learning. Not only incorporating new ways of teaching effectively into the curriculum has been controversial, but it was difficult and demanding as well. Teachers were worried about covering the syllabus but these worries were reduced by using textbook-based activities. The recommendations in this report capture the role of teachers to be vigilant and supportive while using new ways of teaching. However, teachers must have the time and the opportunity to explore and reflect on the role of resources in Mathematics' teaching.
مولوی محمد شفیع افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ پاکستان کے نامور فاضل مولوی محمد شفیع صاحب سابق پرنسپل اورینٹل کالج لاہور نے انتقال کیا، ان کی وفات علمی دنیا کا بڑا حادثہ ہے، وہ ہندو پاک کے نامور فضلاء و محققین میں تھے، انگریزی کے ساتھ عربی و فارسی کے بھی ماہر تھے، ان کا علمی پایہ بہت بلند تھا، ان کے علمی و تحقیقی کارنامے بڑے متنوع ہیں، بہت سے فاضلانہ علمی مقالات کے علاوہ انھوں نے عربی و فارسی کی متعدد اہم اور نادر کتابوں کو تصحیح و تحشیہ کے ساتھ مرتب کرکے شائع کیا، اپنی پرنسپلی کے زمانہ میں علمی حیثیت سے اورینٹل کالج میگزین کا معیار بہت بلند اور اپنے تلامذہ میں سنجیدہ علمی تلاش و تحقیق کا ایک عام ذوق پیدا کردیا تھا، چنانچہ لاہور کے موجودہ فضلاء اور محققین میں بیشتر انہی کے تربیت یافتہ ہیں، ادھر چند سال سے لاہور یونیورسٹی اردو انسائیکلوپیڈیا کی تالیف و اشاعت کا کام ان کی نگرانی میں شروع ہوا تھا، اور اس کے بعض اجزا شائع بھی ہوئے لیکن ابھی یہ کام ابتدائی منزل میں ہے، اس قحط الرجال کے زمانہ میں علمی ذوق و طلب میں ان کی ذات علمائے سلف کا نمونہ تھی اﷲ تعالیٰ اس شیدائے علم کو رحمت و مغفرت سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اپریل ۱۹۶۳ء)
In this article meaning of Taradif (synonymity) and identical meanings are treated from diverse aspects. Its implications in Arabic language have been particularly focused one. The article deals with different thoughts of lexicographers in this regard. There are some lexicographers who of the opinion that there does not exist any taraduf and different words are used for different meanings. For instance they do not believe that Saif(ÿ) and Sarim (rju>) have any Taraduf between them. In fact, according to them they are used for two different meanings and hence they do not give identical meanings. There is another group of lexicographers who are supporters of the existence of taraduf in Arabic language. In this regard they present the examples of existence of about 100 words for the meaning of "LION". Such as asad (J-I) Ghazanfar (>~ÿ) and daraghim etc. They also argue that denial of taradufcan lead to many linguistic problems. Such as how one can/would translate the phrase (v V) without need of rephrasing to the phrase of (v eiiV)
The study aims to examine the role of personal and social determinants in order to predict psychological well-being: moderating role of resilience among flood victims. For this purpose a sample of 400 individuals (male, n = 200, female, n =200) who experienced flashy flood were selected through purposive sampling technique from the Province of the Punjab-Pakistan. The study was based on cross sectional survey design. For data collection five scales including Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Religiosity Scale, Ego Resiliency Scale and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale were utilized to examine the direct and indirect impact of social support, religiosity, and meaning in life on psychological well-being: moderating role of resilience among study population. Pearson correlation, Multiple Regression analysis and independent sample t-test were applied to test the hypotheses. Findings of the study revealed that social support, religiosity, and meaning in life significantly predicted psychological well-being: moderating role of resilience among the flood victims (p<.01). The study also confirmed the moderating role of resilience between the relationship of meaning in life, religiosity and social support with psychological well-being (p<.01) among flood victims. Gender differences revealed that female participants were significantly higher on social support, psychological well-being, (p<.01), meaning in life and religiosity (p<.05), whereas male participants were significantly higher on resilience (p<.05). The study explored the role of meaning in life, religiosity and social support in resilience and psychological well-being. The present nature of the study is very important to manage the problems of flood victims in the disaster areas of Pakistan and other developing of the countries as well. It will provide guideline to the policy makers, researchers, health practitioners and forthcoming students and may become the part of library. The similar nature of researchers should be conducted at large level to give recommendations to resolve the psychological stress by counseling of the flood victims through clinical settings practically. This psychological and social support will enhance the resilience and well-being among the flood victims.