Among the key areas focused in the science teacher education literature, understanding and challenging the teachers' knowledge about Nature of Science (NOS) is considered as an urgent need of the time in order to bring change in science teaching and learning processes. Researches also show that teachers' personal theories about NOS have a great influence on what they do in classrooms. Thus, understanding teachers' views about NOS is important and this has also been identified as an area of research in the Pakistani context (Halai, 2004). Therefore, this study aimed to assess high school Pakistani science teachers' conceptions about NOS and whether these conceptions were related to selected demographic variables. These variables include: (i) participants' gender, (ii) years of teaching experience, (iii) academic qualification, (iv) professional qualification, and (v) system of school. A cross-sectional survey study was carried out. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to recruit 147 science teachers from government (n= 21) and private (n= 20) schools of three towns of Karachi. A modified version of 14-item "Views on Science- Technology-Society" (VOSTS) questionnaire was administered to asses participant teachers' views of certain aspects of NOS. Participants' responses were categorized as "naive", "have merit", or "informed". The questionnaire was piloted before administering it to the147 participant teachers. The response rate was 100 percent. The results showed that a majority of participants held naive views of a majority (n=10 items; 71%) of the target NOS aspects. Furthermore, teachers views on some aspects of NOS were found to be related with some of the selected demographic and background variables. These include participants' gender, years of teaching experience, professional qualification and system of school. The study provides insight into an under-researched area of teachers' perception about NOS in a developing country by using VOSTS, a questionnaire adapted as part of the current research. The findings of this study will contribute to the literature on NOS in the Pakistani and other contexts as well. The results might be useful for professional development institutes in designing training programmes for science teachers to provide them better understanding about an important aspect of science-NOS.
اہلیہ، مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی ایک افسوس ناک خبر نہایت افسوس کے ساتھ اطلاع دی جاتی ہے کہ ۲۷/ مارچ ۱۹۸۵ء کی صبح سات بجے حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کی اہلیہ کا انتقال ہوگیا۔ تدفین قبرستان مہندیان میں ہزارہا افراد کے درمیان عمل میں آئی۔ حضرت مفتی صاحب کی اہلیہ کی رحلت سے خاندان عثمانی کو زبردست جھٹکا لگا ہے۔ براہِ کرم زیادہ سے زیادہ ایصال ثواب کریں۔ مرحومہ اہلیہ مفتی صاحب بڑی خوبیوں اور بے پناہ صلاحیتوں کی مالک تھیں۔ ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین کے بہت سے علمی، دینی اور مذہبی و تجارتی معاملات میں حصہ لیتیں اور اپنے مشوروں سے ادارے کو کمک پہنچاتی تھیں جس سے استفادہ حاصل ہوتا اور حضرت مفتی صاحب ان کے اس عمل سے بے حد متاثر ہوتے۔ اگر آپ حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن کی اہلیہ کے ابتدائی حالاتِ زندگی پر روشنی ڈالتے ہیں تو وہ جن حالات سے دوچار ہوتی رہیں کس طرح انھوں نے اس کو حسن و خوبی سے نبھایاوہ ہر لحاظ سے بے مثال ہے۔ حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن صاحب کے دل میں ان کی خوبیوں کی قدرو منزلت دن دوگنی رات چوگنی برابر مزید بڑھتی چلی گئی اور اہلیہ کی اتنی طویل علالت سے ان کا دل بے حد متاثر ہوتا تھا۔ میری والدہ ماجدہ کی جدائی میرے لیے بہت بڑا سانحہ ہے۔ [عمید الرحمن عثمانی، اپریل ۱۹۸۵ء] ___________________ مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کی اہلیہ کاانتقال افسوس ہے کہ ۲۷؍ مارچ کوحضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی ؒ کی اہلیہ محترمہ راقم الحروف کی خالہ اماں__ہم سب کو داغِ مفارقت دے گئیں اس طرح ایک ہی خاندان کے تین افراد دس ماہ کے اندر اندر اس دُنیا سے رخصت ہوکررفیق اعلیٰ سے جاملے۔ سب سے پہلے گذشتہ سا ل۱۰؍ مئی کواحقر کی والدۂ محترمہ کے سایہ عاطفت سے ہم محروم ہوئے اس کے...
Ka’ab bin Zuhair recited his famous poem of praise for the Prophet (s.a.w) in his presence and received his cloth as a gift in return. His poem has been narrated in the collections of Hadis and Seerah along with its notable presence in the Arabic literature. Allama Jalal ud Din as-Suyūṭī has written a detailed explanation on this poem with the title of Kunhul Murad fi bayan Banat Suaad. This article describes the back ground of the poem and then focuses on the approach adopted by Allama Suyūṭī in his explanations and gives an analysis on his style. As he has adopted the classical approach for the explanation therefore, his work is quite elaborate and consists wide range of related information which has made it one of the most popular explanation of the poem Banat Suaad. This study explains his methodology along with examples from his work.
In light of the development in computer controlled tools and expansion of integrated computing applications, lots of controller functions are turning to programming applications. In this study in view of a sea port security, an intrusion detection technique based on developed actuator model with the help of a controlling methodology dependent strategy has been designed.This research work gives simulation results on controlling of Underwater Unmanned Vehicles with the formation control of underwater swarm robots based on Assisting Mechanism Theory (AMT) and Integrated control Model (ICM). Such organization is really important in enhancement of surveillance, path planning, intruder and obstacle detection and error congestion in communication to remove uncertainty. The performance of ICM depends on complete swarm robot model to identify actuators. The ICM is responsible for development of swarm robot algorithm for movement control to guarantee surveillance, ensuring localization and detect intruders with the wipe-off of communication issues of the self-organized and decentralized behavior of multipurpose Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) from the beginning time instance. This approach is also very helpful in serving as reference model for detecting multiple intruders and also in assisting mechanism theory of multiple Underwater Unmanned Vehicles. Such ICM controllers are prepared and compared with the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers in a diversity of simulations and gathered reaction found 12.37%, 8.69% and 12.09% better based on thrust produced in the propellers for surveillance.