This study discusses issues for improving the education of children with special needs. In the two schools where I undertook my study, I could see that teachers in both contexts worked very hard for the improvement of education of children with special needs. In the special school the teachers were trained from time to time in order to better their professional skills and to understand the children's needs. In contrast, in the regular school, although teachers were trained in various areas related to different subjects and the pedagogy of teaching learning activities, there was a strong need for teachers to be trained in the field of special education. Teachers in both contexts were working very hard in order to help the students function in society and the world. One of the major issues concerning children with special needs is how best to integrate them in regular schools with other children. Children with mild and moderate disabilities can be integrated into the regular school system if special care is taken in their initial stages of learning. Whereas children with severe disabilities cannot be so readily integrated into regular schools but can be in schools especially designed to cater to their needs. The educational practices in the regular and special schools are being developed with the needs of the child in mind. This refers to the teaching strategies, curriculum design, activities of daily living, extra curricular activities, art, and music. From time to time teachers are being given in-service training so as to better their professional skills and to help the child to do better in order to function in society. Parents in both context are playing a key role in educating their special children in the hope that there would be a bright future for them. The implications drawn from the study indicate that integration and inclusion of children with special needs are still being considered by stakeholders. In my opinion there is a hope and possibility that children with special needs in the future will work alongside all other children in regular schools.
معرفتِ ذکر اور عرفان طالب حسین کوثریؔ کسی بھی چیز کو جانے اور سمجھے بغیر اس کے بارے میں تأثر نہیں دیا جا سکتا اور تأثر کا اچھا ذریعہ الفاظ ہوتے ہیں۔الفاظ کا تقاضا بھی ان کی معرفت ہوتی ہے۔الفاظ کی معرفت نہ ہو تو اظہار بھی اچھا نہ ہو سکے گا۔اظہار تحریر کی صورت میں ہو تو اس کے لئے دو اصناف’’نثر‘‘ اور ’’نظم‘‘ ہیں۔نثر کے ذریعے اظہار کرنے والے کو نثر نگار اور نظم کے ذریعے اظہار کرنے والے کو شاعر کہا جاتا ہے۔عربی زبان کا مقولہ ہے’’الشعراء تلامیذ الرحمان‘‘ شعراء اللہ کے شاگرد ہوتے ہیں۔انسان کو اللہ کی بخشی ہوئی عقل سلیم کا تقاضا یہ ہے کہ انسان اللہ کی بخشی ہوئی صلاحیت سے مالک کی حمد کرکے ایسی شاعری کرے جس سے پروردگار راضی ہو۔ خالقِ ارض و سماء اپنی مخلوقات میں سب سے زیادہ جس تخلیق کو اہمیت دیتا ہے وہ اس کے محبوب محمد مصطفیؐ کی ذات ہے۔فرشتوں کو ساتھ لے کر اُنؐ کی ذات پر درودپڑھتا ہے اور اہل ایمان کو درود کا حکم دیتا ہے۔اُنؐ کو محبت کا مرکز بنا دیا۔اُنؐ کی مدح سرائی میں ہدایت کی کتاب’’قرآن‘‘نازل کیا۔پروردگار جس شاعری سے سب سے زیادہ راضی ہو گا وہ اس کے محبوب کی تعریف و توصیف ہے جسے اہل ادب نے نعت کا نام دیا ہے۔ نعت کہنے کے لئے لازم ہے کہ سرورِ عالمؐ کی ذات کو جاننے اور سمجھنے کی کوشش کی جائے۔دوسرے لفظوں میں حضورؐ کا عرفان حاصل کیا جائے۔نعت کی کتاب’’ورفعنا کی صدا‘‘ کے مصنف محترم عرفان علی صاحب ایک مدرس ہیں اور صاحبِ عرفان بھی ہیں۔اُن کے والدِ محترم سچے عاشقِ رسولؐ ہیں اُن سے وراثت میں عشقِ رسولؐ کی دولت نصیب ہوئی۔پروردگار کی عطا سے اسی کی رضا کے لئے نعت کہتے ہیں۔اللہ بھی راضی،اللہ کا محبوب بھی راضی۔ ہم پر خدا کے...
In the Islamic Law i. E. Quran and Sunnah the above mentioned topic has been discussed clearly and repeatedly to avoid any ambiguity in dealings in our daily life and agreements made between two parties or governments national or international levels. After intensive study I discussed and elaborated the said issue referring to the Qura’nic verses and sayings of the Prophet (SAW). The matter is of great importance; hence the Muslims Jurists have also given their valuable opinions in accordance with the Islamic Law which have been incorporated also to solve the issue. If we act upon these verdicts, we will be able to select the best among ourselves and form an ideal government and will discharge our duties honestly, and eventually our every act will show our responsibility to perform our duties and to give due share to the right person.
In this thesis, we consider two collocation methods, namely, Haar Wavelet Collocation Method (HWCM) and Meshless Collocation Method (MCM) with Radial Basis Functions (RBFs). Two new algorithms based on HWCM and MCM are developed for one-dimensional linear elliptic problems with single as well as double interfaces. The proposed methods are extended to include two- and three-dimensional elliptic problems. We also consider parabolic interface problems in which time derivative is involved. The time derivative is approximated bynite di erence and Crank-Nicolson schemes. Both the proposed methods are developed for linear parabolic problems as well. The new numerical methods are also applied to nonlinear elliptic and parabolic problems. The algorithms are designed for all the new developed methods. The MATLAB software is used for implementations and testing of all the new methods. Several numerical experiments are taken into account in order to check the performance of the new developed methods. The numerical results are compared with exact solution as well as existing methods in literature which show the superiority of the proposed methods. A comparative study between HWCM and MCM in terms of e ciency, accuracy and applicability is also performed.