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تضمین بر مشہورِ زمانہ نعت بہ قلمِ نصیر احمد اخترؔ
دمِ عیسیٰؑ نہیں دیکھا ! یدِ بیضا نہیں دیکھا !
جہاں میں چشمِ جبرائیلؑ نے کیا کیا نہیں دیکھا
جمالِ ماہِ کنعاؑں کا حسیں جلوہ نہیں دیکھا! !
جہاں دیدہ نگا ہوں نے بہت ڈھونڈا نہیں دیکھا
زمانے میں محمد مصطفیٰؐ جیسا نہیں دیکھا
ستاروں کی ضیاؤں سے زمینِ ثور کہتی ہے
قمر کی دلکشی پر خوب کر کے غور ، کہتی ہے
فلک پرکہکشاں پھر پھیل کر ہر طور کہتی ہے
نگاہِ آسماںؐ لیتی ہے بوسے اور کہتی ہے
بہت دیکھے ہیں لیکن اُنؐ سا نقشِ پا نہیں دیکھاا
فلک کی عظمتیں قربان اس کے ذرّے ذرّے پر
قطار اندر قطار آتے ہیں قدسی آستانے پر
فدا ہے رفعتِ سدرہ اسی پرنور خطّے پر
فرشتے سر نگوں پائے گئے آقاؐ کے روضے پر
رسولوں میں بھی کوئی اُنؐ کا ہم پایہ نہیں دیکھا
کوئی عنصر نہیں دوئی کا اس منظر سہانے میں
کرن سورج کی ہے ناکام اس کی مثل لانے میں
زمیں پر چلنے پھرنے میں’ دنیٰ ‘‘تک آنے جانے میں
مُسلم آپؐ کی یکتائی ہے سارے زمانے میں
کہیں چشمِ فلک نے آپؐ کا سایہ نہیں دیکھا
After the Incident of 9/11 Pakistan decided to become the ally of America and play an important role in fighting terrorism on both domestic and global fronts. This war has destroyed the peace of Pakistan and has affected the Economy of Pakistan desperately. The decision of Pakistani government to fight the so called war on terror with America only to get the financial and political support of America was clearly against the teachings of Islam. However, Pakistan did receive financial benefits in this war. The important development in the wake of 9/11 is that Pakistan became the biggest beneficiary of US economic aid in the South Asian region. Despite the GDP growth, foreign aid, foreign investment, better record of foreign exchange reserve, worker remittances and debt rescheduling Pakistan’s economy did not show the desired results. The change in the Pakistan’s economy during this period is not sustainable in economic term. Due to the war on terror law and order situation has become worst. At present Pakistan is facing most unique, difficult and gruesome faces of terrorism. In this situation fiscal policy in Islamic perspective is prerequisite for the peace and economic development of Pakistan.
Pakistan has a strong geo-strategic location in South Asia that served as a corridor for subsequent human migration events which configured its genetic variation. Besides, Indo-Pak has previous history of frequent invasions that contributed to the diversity of culture and reshaped its genetic makeup. Pakistani population is categorized in various ethnic groups major of them are Punjabi, Pathan, Baloch, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Hazara and Makrani. I have characterized mitochondrial DNA control region, Y-Chromosomal STRs and autosomal STRs on 318 random individuals from three ethnic groups; Sindhi, Kashmiri and Hazara. Mitochondrial DNA control region analysis revealed that the major proportion of Sindhi and Kashmiri maternal lineage was contributed by South Asian and Eurasian haplogroups respectively. The minor proportion was contributed by East Asian, American and African haplogroups. In Hazara population major maternal components were comprised of Eurasian and South Asian whereas minor maternal components of American and East Asian. Consequently, a series of invasions were reflected in Y-Chromosome gene pool of Pakistani population. Paternally inherited Y-Chromosome STRs analysis showed great haplotype diversity of Sindhi (0.999677), Kashmiri (0.99752) and Hazara (0.99989) populations which were illustrated through median joining network based on haplotypes frequencies. Allelic frequency distribution exhibited that locus DYS385b was more diverse and polymorphic in Kashmiri (0.8001), Sindhi (0.8373) and Hazara (0.8373) populations whereas locus DYS391 was least diverse in Kashmiri (0.4374) and locus DYS392 displayed minimum diversity value in Sindhi (0.4515) and Hazara (0.4515) population. Moreover, in this study 318 individuals from Sindhi, Kashmiri and Hazara populations were genotyped for 15 autosomal STRs. Distribution of allele frequency and other forensic efficiency parameters; for instance Power of Exclusion (PE), Matching Probability (MP) and Power of Discrimination (PD) were estimated for Sindhi, Kashmiri and Hazara populations. Locus D2S1338 exhibited maximum power of discrimination in Sindhi (0.9594), Kashmiri (0.963) and Hazara (0.967). Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was also estimated at a probability level of p<0.05 revealed that three loci D3S1358, TPOX and D8S1179 in Sindhi population were significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. On the other hand after applying the Bonferroni correction (p<0.003) only one locus TPOX remain deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Locus D18S51 and D19S433 in Kashmiri and Hazara population respectively displayed deviation at the probability level of p<0.005 however, no deviation was observed after Bonferroni correction (p<0.003). Accordingly, the pattern of heterogeneous admixture and genetic variation of selected Pakistani populations were further unveiled by the comparison with local and global populations through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Phylogenetic analysis. PCA based on mitochondrial haplogroups frequency revealed the genetic closeness of all Pakistani populations to each other and also with Uzbekistan. MDS based on Y-chromosome haplotypes exhibited nearness of Kashmiri population with Greece and Serbia whereas Sindhi population indicated the genetic affinity with East Anatolia and Iran. Bipaternal phylogenetic analysis displayed that Sindhi population was in vicinity of Iraq and Kashmiri population was near to South India. Hazara population shared ancestors with Siberia and Mongol populations. Furthermore, the data generated in this comprehensive study can be used to establish lineage of Sindhi, Kashmiri and Hazara population and to develop a data base of Pakistani population for forensic purpose.