حرص و ہوس کا زہر نکل جائے دل سے کاش !
ہو جائے ختم چٹکی میں فکر ۔ غم۔ معاش
کندھوں سے اپنے بوجھ اتار اس کی یاد کا
کب تک اٹھا کے پھرتے رہو گے یہ مردہ لاش
اے عشق ! تیرے حوصلے کی داد شرط ہے
پہلو میں حسن تھا مگر آئے نہ دی خراش
تنہائی کا شکار تھا وہ شخص اس قدر
میلے کی بھیڑ میں جسے اپنی رہی تلاش
پھر یوں ہوا کہ نیند ہی آنکھوں سے اڑ گئی
یہ کس نے کر دیے ہیں مرے خواب پاش پاش
زیر ۔ زمین کوئی رگڑتا ہے ایڑیاں
پیدا بلا جواز نہیں ہوتا ارتعاش
کانوں میں تیل ڈال کے سویا نظام عدل
پیدا ہوئے ہیں چوک چوراہے میں بد معاش
شاہد ! پرائے بت پہ نہیں لازم انحصار
بہتر ہے اپنے ہاتھ سے تو اپنا بت تراش
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Developmental projects are essential ingredients of prosperity and well-being. Every nation has to ensure that her people are living in a perfect and safe sociopolitical environment. However, it varies from region to region and place to place. UK as a country is a big economy which is capable of giving its people the type of security they need. For this purpose, various types of strategies have been emphasized which enable the government to look for the benefit of its people. Open data system is one of these important developments which have been initiated by the UK government to provide huge access to databases. It improves their learning and knowledge, and gives the opportunity to think ‘out of box’. It also enables people to polish their learning skills and take things out of their resources and utilize them fully. Although, there is some compulsion on the use of private data sources, yet it is necessary to know that not all data are confidential. The research looks into the pros and cons of using open data systems and to assess its impacts on the social and political development in UK. The use of open data system is not only beneficial for the people to perform their daily life tasks, it is important to evade corruption and foster great accountability of national institutions. So, there remains feeble chance of witnessing corruption in the society that could cause chaos in the nation. The use of open data systems is important for boosting up innovation and creativity for a developing country like Pakistan. Open data system has been seen playing a big part in establishing a trend of innovative growth pushed by the availability of these resources. The influence and impact of ‘Open Data’ has largely been observed during the recent Coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) where the government has utilized the data to tackle the disease in Pakistan.
Nutritional deficiency of vitamin A and D is causing a lot of problems in the world. It is estimated that about one billion people worldwide are either vitamin D deficient or have insufficient vitamin D intake. In Pakistan about 85% of both pregnant and non-pregnant mothers have been found vitamin D deficient. Apart from this, 5.7 million children below 5 years of age and 42.5 % women were identified as vitamin A deficient in Pakistan. Being food fortification or supplementation a best approach, the food manufacturers are interested in fortifying their products with vitamin A and D. As both vitamins are restricted to fats and oils due to their non-solubility in water. Nanoemulsions are ideal solution to address this problem because this technique enhances the solubility, kinetic stability, bio efficacy and bioavailability of encapsulated material due to their smaller size. The purpose of present study was to fortify beverages with nanoemulsions of vitamin A and D. The nanoemulsions were prepared by using food grade surfactants (Tween 80 and soya lecithin), deionized water and vegetable oil (olive and canola oil). Preparation conditions for beta carotene and vitamin D nanoemulsions were optimized using response surface methodology. These nanoemulsions were further characterized against different physico-chemical parameters. In vivo study was carried out on animal model to investigate the safety of nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsions based delivery system was used to fortify the beverages with these vitamins. The results manifested that, ideal optimum preparation conditions for beta carotene nanoemulsions were 6.07% surfactant, 4.19 minutes homogenization time and 6.50% oil contents. For vitamin D nanoemulsions, optimum preparation conditions were 4.82 minutes xxii xxii homogenization time, 0.67 surfactant to oil ratio (S/O) and 7% disperse phase volume. During two months of storage studies, these nanoemulsions remained stable against phase separation and creaming. Moreover, droplet size of nanoemulsions stored at 4 °C slowly increased as compared to nanoemulsions stored at 25 °C. Additionally, p-Anisidine value of the vegetable oil (canola and olive oil) incorporated into nanoemulsions were significantly lower as compared to free vegetable oil. These nanoemulsions were stable against droplet aggregation and phase separation over a wide range of pH (2-8), salt concentration (50-400 mM) and temperature (30-80°C). During toxicity study, bi-nuclear assay, multinuclear assay and comet assay did not showed any toxic effect of nanoemulsions on animal models. During last part of study, vitamin beta carotene and vitamin D fortified model beverages was developed successfully. Hence, nanoemulsions based delivery system can be used for fortification of aqueous products with fat soluble vitamins and other nutraceutical compounds.