شرعی نقطہ نظر سے عقل اور اس كی حدود كار تحقیقی جائزہ

The meaning of word "Din" are it applied to all the faith, worship and also cov ers that complete code of life which the Holy Prophet (S. A. VV) gave to ultima. Almighty, Allah has given a special and superior status to the human beings and has bestowed upon the human beings the quest for knowledge. Of course, knowledge is the power which enables the human beings to distinguish clearly between what is good or bad. But other words this is the human wisdom which the creator of this world has bestowed upon the human beings. So it is quite clear that the entire system of faith and worship which Almighty Allah has sent to the human beings through the revelation over the Holy Prophet is exactly according to the common mind and intellect. Since there are certain limitations to the common mind and it cannot go beyond these limitations. This research paper present on investigation of these limits form Sharia point of view.

Prospects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Technology on Growth, Mineral Nutrient Acquisition and Fixed Oil Profile of Selected Sunflower Helianthus Annuus L. Hybrids at Various Levels of Rock Phosphate in Marginal Soil

The experiment was carried out in a net house in the University of Peshawar Pakistan, to find out the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation along with application of various levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) of rock phosphate (RP) fertilizer on growth and yield of selected sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.) in Pdeficient soil. The results revealed that AM fungi effectively promoted the productivity of sunflower hybrids and proved their role as bio-fertilizer. It was noted that dual use of AMF and low-moderate dose of rock phosphate has profound effect regarding plant height, root length, number of leaves/plant, leaf size, head diameter, seed number/ head, seeds weight/head, dry weight of plant, oil content, fatty acid content, mycorrhizal dependency, proximate and mineral composition of the sunflower as compared to control non-inoculated plants. While, at high RP level (RP3) the non mycorrhizal plants outperformed. However the response varied in different hybrids. As far as hybrid response is concerned Hysun-33 performed better in most of the measured aspects as compared to other hybrids. Proximate analysis showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in crude protein, crude fats, moisture, ash and crude fiber content in mycorrhizal plant, however carbohydrates content was reduced. Rock phosphate fertilization showed no significant effect on nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) uptake however phosphorus (P) uptake increases with increasing RP levels in both AMF inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The findings also provided useful information on oil yield and its fatty acid profiles as affected by AMF inoculation. The present study strongly suggests that the AMF-rock phosphate combination produces better results in the enhancement of the oil content of sunflower hybrids even in P-deficient soils. It was noted that the use of AMF along with low doses of rock phosphate promote mono unsaturated (oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid), while the use of AMF along with high doses of rock phosphate bring increase in the production of saturated fatty acids like Palmitic acid and stearic acid in sunflower seeds. It has been observed that spore density and AMF root colonization was higher in the soil of control (RP0) plants, which decreases progressively with increasing fertility level, less number of spores and percent root colonization was found at high (RP3) level in all hybrids. Higher P doses declined the sporulation and colonization. Seven AMF species were recorded. The dominant genus was Acaulospora followed by Glomus, Sclerocystis and Gigaspora. The average AMF spore densities ranged from 56-260 spores/ 100gm soil while root colonization ranged from 32-100 %. Mycorrhizal enhancement regarding AMF spore density and root colonization followed RP0>RP1>RP2>RP3 trend in all hybrids. All selected sunflower hybrids were more responsive to mycorrhizal association but degree of dependency also varies according to rock phosphate levels. This study clearly indicates the potential of using indigenous biofertilizer such as AMF for oil seed crops in low fertility soils, to achieve adequate production level with least utilization of synthetic fertilizers for sustainable agriculture practice. The use of biofertilizer is not only eco-friendly but also economical as it reduces our dependence on expensive chemical fertilizers.