Master of Education students at lED come from developing countries in Central Asia, South Asia and East Africa. They bring together divergent educational and life experiences. However, most of the students have experienced similar assessment practices as students and teachers. In their assessment practices prior to lED, which is characterized in this study as 'traditional', teaching and learning have been geared towards examinations and tests. The selective purpose of assessment selects and rejects people, and social reproduction is maintained by the traditional assessment. Additionally, traditional assessment has often caused great deal of psychological discomfort and elements of 'unproductive competition' reflecting on extrinsic reward in schooling. At lED, they are exposed to the alternative approaches to assessment. One of the aims of lED is to "bring about improvement in the performance of teachers through professional development and improvement". In order to improve the quality of education in the developing country context, these M.Ed. students have a very intensive learning experience. They are encouraged to critically examine their existing educational philosophy, including assessment notions. Many people reconceptualize their assessment notions. After the completion of the course the M.Ed. students are potentially in a position where they will be able to influence assessment practices, to varying degree, when they return to their home work environments. The data from this study illustrate how the M.Ed. students reconceptualize their assessment practices, the factors that hinder or help them to reconceptualize, and also the implications of their lED learning experience for future professional activities. The possibility of 'dissonance' is also discussed as a number of students, although they appear to have reconceptualized their views on assessment, revert to their traditional assessment behaviours due to different internal and external factors. There is sometimes a gap between espoused and actual assessment practices at lED. Among the major reasons for that gap is the higher education system of which lED is a part. lED is required to follow accountability, quality assurance and grading practices that are congruent with the university and other institutions. Although the focus of the study was not to give suggestions for the development of IED's assessment policy and practices, implications are drawn which may assist in addressing assessment related issues more effectively.
جسٹس سیّد امیرعلی مرحوم سیدامیرعلی مرحوم تمام تر جدید تعلیم کی پیدوار تھے، مگر انہوں نے بزرگوں کے سُنے سُنائے معلومات اور ذاتی کدو کاوش سے یورپ میں اسلام کی بڑی خدمت کی، وہ یورپ میں تمام اسلامی کاموں اور تحریکوں کے رکن رکین سمجھے جاتے تھے ان کے مذہبی اور سیاسی خیالات سے گوہم موافقت نہ کرسکیں، مگر اس میں کوئی شبہ نہیں کہ ان کے قلم کی ضوافشانی سے اسلام کے متعلق یورپ کے بہت سے خیالات باطلہ کے بادل پھٹ گئے، ان کی دوکتابیں اسپرٹ آف اسلام اور ہسٹری آف ساراسینس ہمیشہ یادگار رہیں گی، ان دونوں کتابوں کے ترجمے اکثر اسلامی زبانوں میں موجود ہیں، حتیٰ کہ عربی میں بھی ہوچکے ہیں، ۷۹ سال کی عمر میں اس جہان فانی کو الوداع کہا، مرحوم سے ۱۹۲۰ء میں کئی دفعہ لندن میں ملنے کا موقعہ ملا تھا، رحمۃ اﷲ تعالیٰ۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، اگست ۱۹۲۸ء)
This writing discusses the health assessment of Sharia Banks. The legal basis for regulating the health assessment of Sharia Banks (BUS and BPRS) refers to the regulations of the Law, PP, PBI, POJK, and BI, as well as OJK circulars. The article explains the RGEC assessment of Sharia Banks, using a qualitative approach with a literature study research design. This writing presents a literature review of various sources related to assessing the health of Sharia Banks, the legal basis of BUS and BPRS, and RGEC. The discussion explains that bank health assessment reflects the bank's performance and is the result of assessing the bank's condition to overcome risks and improve performance. The logical structure and causal connections between statements ensure a clear and balanced presentation of the topic. The health assessment of Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS) is regulated by Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking. According to this law, banks are required to maintain their level of soundness. Article 1, paragraph 6 of POJK No. 8 of 2014 pertains to the evaluation of the soundness level of sharia commercial banks and sharia units. The health assessment of Sharia Rural Banks (BPRS) is regulated by Bank Indonesia Regulation No.9/17/PBI/2007, which is based on the Health Assessment System Rural Credit Bank using Sharia Principles. The RGEC method is an advancement of the CAMELS method. The RGEC method involves inherent risks, and quality risk management is applied to bank operations across eight factors: credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, legal risk, strategic risk, compliance risk, and reputation risk.
Chlorinated organic compounds are released to the environment as a result of production, use and inefficient handling of these compounds. Such compounds are highly stable, toxic toward living organisms including humans and causes cancer and other disorders. Trichloroethylene (TCE), a representative of chlorinated organic compounds is largely used in various industries and its release impacts adversely on environment. To control its damaging effects, removal and decomposition of TCE is highly desirable. The current study is focused on synthesis of novel Iron loaded spherical mesoporous silica particles (SMSPs) and its application as adsorbent for dechlorination of TCE. The silica was synthesized using modified Stöber’s method at varying temperatures (20-70 °C) to study its effect on the size and porosity of the synthesized particles. Loading of iron into silica follows two routes to carry out pre and post modification of mesoporous silica particles through sol gel and reduction process. During the synthesis, ratio of silica to Iron is varied from 1:10 to 1:5 to study its impact on loaded iron and porosity of the Iron loaded spherical mesoporous silica particles (Fe-SMSPs). The synthesized particles were characterized using a range of techniques including fourier transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), raman spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), dcanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET surface area measurement. The results show that synthesized SMSPs have mean diameter of 627±140 nm at room temperature and decreases to 408±156 nm at 60 °C. SMSPs also exhibited high BET surface area (627 m2/g) that determines its high efficiency for uptake of iron into the mesoporous structure. However, loss of spherical structure is also witnessed on increasing silica to iron ratio (1:3) during synthesis. Series of batch experiments were carried out to test dechlorination efficiency of the synthesized Fe-SMSPs against TCE. HPLC data indicated rapid decrease and removal of 25 ppm TCE in two hours at room temperature. Mass spectrometry revealed formation of hydrocarbons as dechlorination products. The present research concludes that the synthesized Fe-SMSPs have a promising potential to be used for dechlorination of TCE contaminated water. This has special preference for underground water treatment. Future prospects determine applicability of these materials for dechlorination of other chlorinated organic compounds than TCE.