Reflective practice is emphasized for teachers as it improves teaching and learning practices that result in high levels of students' achievements. Reflection has the potential to transform thinking and practice. Research done on reflective practice in Pakistan suggests that as teachers' teaching repertoire is limited here, teachers must reflect upon their practice. My experience of working with teachers informs me that teachers are not willing to write about their practices, rather it is more an oral culture. Reflective conversation is more an oral reflective practice mode, and it builds on what teachers already do informally in the context of Pakistani schools. The ultimate purpose of reflective conversation is to inquire teachers' classroom practices and to bring forward improvement in their practices. This study was conducted to explore the process and consequences of reflective conversation for teacher development in Pakistan. Shared classroom observation experiences provided a base for reflective conversation sessions with two secondary school English teachers in a private English medium school in Karachi, Pakistan. The aim was to explore reflective conversations as a strategy for school-based teacher development. The study indicates that reflective conversations can be a viable teacher development strategy in Pakistan. Study findings showed that through reflective conversations, teachers were able to enhance their professional knowledge and skills, by extending their range of teaching strategies, developing an urge to implement new strategies, and consequently, becoming more confident teachers. However, there are some essential requisites i.e. teachers' personal capacity and school structures for making reflective conversation an effective teacher development strategy. Reflective conversation also requires effective facilitation, which can be done by a reflective coach. The study also indicated that teacher learning becomes a complex and dynamic process through reflective conversation sessions. The study is significant for teacher educators, researchers, and teachers. It highlights for them some contextual issues that are challenging for teacher educators for using this strategy successfully. Study findings indicate that reflective conversations, if implemented effectively, move from individual teacher's learning to collective learning.
مفتی عبدالقادر افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ۲۴؍ اگست کو فرنگی محل کے نامور عالم مفتی عبدالقادر صاحب نے وفات پائی، مرحوم علم و عمل میں اپنے اسلاف کرام کا نمونہ اور طبعاً نہایت خاموش اور عزلت پسند تھے، پوری زندگی خاموشی اور قناعت کے ساتھ درس و تدریس اور علم و افتاد کی خدمت میں گذاری، ان کی موت سے فرنگی محل کی ایک اہم یادگار مٹ گئی، نئی نسل جدید تعلیم یافتہ ہے، اس کو اپنے اسلاف کے علوم اور روایات سے بہت کم علاقہ رہ گیا ہے اس لئے جو ایک دو پرانے بزرگ باقی رہ گئے ہیں ان کے بعد فرنگی محل میں سناٹا نظر آتا ہے۔ اس خاندان میں جتنی طویل مدت تک علم رہا اور اس سے پورے ہندوستان کو جو فیض پہنچا اس کی مثال دوسرے علمی خاندانوں میں کم ملے گی، عموماً دو چار پشتوں سے زیادہ کسی خاندان میں علم نہیں چلتا، مگر فرنگی محل تقریباً تین صدیوں تک دینی علوم اور اس کی تعلیم کا مرکز رہا اور اس مدت میں ملا نظام الدین بانی درس نظامیہ ، ملا حیدر ، ملا حسن، مولانا بحرالعلوم، مولانا عبدالحئی اور مولانا عبدالباری رحہم اﷲ جیسے بڑے بڑے علماء پیدا ہوئے مگر اب بظاہر اس سلسلۃ الذہب کا خاتمہ نظر آتا ہے۔ مفتی صاحب مرحوم علم و عمل کے ساتھ اخلاق فاضلہ اور اوصاف حمیدہ سے بھی آراستہ نہایت خاموش متواضع، نرم خور، خندہ جبیں، شگفتہ مزاج اور خوش خلق تھے، ملنے والوں پر ان کے علم سے زیادہ ان کے اخلاق کا اثر پڑتا تھا، ان اوصاف کی بنا پر وہ ہر طبقے میں بڑے مقبول تھے۔ راقم نے ان سے مختصر المعانی پڑھی تھی، اس زمانہ میں ان کے اخلاق اور مہرومحبت کا جو نقش دل پر قائم ہوا تھا وہ اب تک باقی ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس...
Since about the middle of the 19th century, numerous attempts have been made by Muslim scholars to interpret the Qur’ān to the modern world. By far the largest output of literature produced in this connection, whether in the form of commentaries, critiques or articles in periodical, has been in Urdu, English and Arabic. But whatever the medium of expression employed, the net result is still is far from satisfactory. Moulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958) was one of the most notable Muslim figures in Sub-continent. The Tarjuman-al-Qur’ān is regarded on all hands as his main contribution to Islamic learning. His original plan was to prepare side by side two companion volumes to this great of his, one entitled Tafsir-al-Bayana affording a detailed commentary of the Qur’ān, the other entitled Muqaddima, to serve as prolegomena to the Tarjuman -al-Qur’ān. The circumstances of his life did not allow him the time that he needed to execute the two projects. Moulana Azad, s thinking and philosophy about commentary of the Qur’ān is very clear: ''Explain the Qur’ān in the manner of the Qur’ān ''. This paper attempts to enlighten many aspects of Moulana Azad, s commentary of Surat-al-Kahaf and explores his contribution and Comparative Analysis for other selected Urdu Tafasir of his era.
PakistanstandsfifthamongleadingdateproducingnationsgloballywithprovinceofBaluchistan as the leading contributor. The long history of date palm cultivation in Baluchistan and its geo-political position in relation to Iran and Oman signifies its importance for diversity analysis. The present study was designed to examine the nature and level of genetic diversity in date palm collected from Baluchistan to explore its potential as a center of origin which is currently unclear. Fifty-two microsatellite markers were used to analyze the geneticrelationshipamonghundred(sixtyonefromBaluchistanandthirtyninefromPunjab) date palm cultivars. Different diversity indices were calculated for Baluchistan accessions and then compared them with Punjab genotypes. The results highlighted the presence of rich allelic diversity and high variation within the Baluchistan germplasm as compared to Punjab. The cluster analysis divided the entire population of hundred genotypes from both regions into seven groups with 50% admixed lines. The structure approach identified low levels of geographical structuring and suggested that mixed geographical distribution may be the result of gene flow between two regions. The variation detected through SSR markers highlighted that Baluchistan is rich in date palm diversity and it could be one of the regions claiming their position as centre of diversity especially in eastern gene pool. The estimated diversity could also be used for future breeding programs, association mapping, gene cloning and germplasm conservation. Punjab germplasm was also studied for morphologicalvariationforthirtytwoqualitativeandquantitativetraits. Theclusteringanalysis showed that the distribution of the cultivars into groups was independent of geographical origin. Angoor (Muzaffargarh) genotype showed good performance with regard to fruit width and petiole width. While Akhrot (Muzaffargarh) genotype had high statistic contributionof flesh taste. The resultssuggestedthat Muzaffargarhgermplasm was more diverse thanJhangandBahawalpur. Socialdataaboutcropdiversityandsocialimportancerevealed that growers used to cultivate different date palm cultivars on the basis of preferences and usage. Begum Jangi was the most preferred variety by all the respondents because of its high production potential and its longer storage time. The coefficients associated with the farming experience, income , education, age of trees and number of trees showed statistically significant and positive effect on the number of genotypes grown. While negative relation of education with number of genotypes was observed.