Recently the concept of the collaborative teacher learning has emerged as a popular and powerful strategy for teachers' professional development. The strength of collaborative teacher learning is that it encourages workplace learning and develops a sense of continuous professional growth among teachers. More importantly, the role of the headteacher in bringing about any kind of change in the school premises is found to be very crucial. Due to their position, authority and influence within the school, they can bring improvement in their own practices and also encourage and involve other colleagues to do the same. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of a headteacher in fostering collaborative learning among teachers in a government boys' secondary school in Karachi, Pakistan. For this study, the case study design was employed under the qualitative research paradigm. Research participants included the headteacher of the school as the main research participant and four teachers from different grade levels, with different experiences. The purpose of selecting such teachers was to generate data from various perspectives. Data were collected through interviews, observations, document analysis and informal talks. All the recorded data were first transcribed, analyzed by coding and categorized during the fieldwork. After the fieldwork, summative data analysis was employed. The study reveals that the headteacher plays a very significant role in fostering collaborative learning among teachers. He has created such an environment that provides teachers opportunities to learn from each other by involving them in activities that require working together as a team, guiding and supporting each other. The headteacher continuously encouraged teachers to build confidence and helped them in utilizing their own expertise and capabilities through sharing and discussions for better teaching and learning practices. This shows that the concept of collaborative teacher learning can be used as a very successful strategy for teachers' continuous professional development in the government schools in the context of Pakistan, where there are few opportunities for teachers to join professional development institutes.
پھیرا پاویں جے ہک چاواں دا مل پے جائے میریاں ہاواں دا لوکاں پردے اچے کر لئے نیں ہن دا نہیں لگدا کاواں دا ہووے پتر ادب تھیں جے نیواں ٹھر جاندا کالجہ ماواں دا جیہڑی پاوے تے لٹکاوے وی مزا اوندا فیر اداواں دا فر سونڈی حملہ کر دیندی پھل کھڑدا جدوں کپاہواں دا کر ذکر اس سوہنے اللہ دا جیہڑا مالک ساریاں تھاواں دا
Gender matters and has an impact, and it is intended to encourage readers to think about this important issue in clinical practice, education, research, and a wider context of public health1. Due to the dearth of gender theoretical knowledge that has been discovered within the field of physiotherapy, there are still many difficulties that women must overcome in today's world of gender equality and feminism for women's rights2. Historically, women are predominated in the physiotherapy profession, although this has gradually changed throughout the years3. According to Chartered Society of Physiotherapists (CSP) data for both practicing and non-practicing physiotherapists, the gender split changed from 76% female to 24% male to 74% female to 26% male between 2017 and 2020. Although women make up more than 50% of the physiotherapy workforce globally, they make up fewer than 50% of executive positions in national physiotherapy associations3.
Extensive use of antimicrobials has led to evolution of bacterial resistance. Pathogenic exposure of plants stimulates the synthesis of an array of proteins and peptides against the pathogenic micro-organisms which are potential sources for the development of new pharmacological formulations to treat different diseases. The present project was devoted to screening of a medicinal plant Psoralea corylifolia (P. corylifolia) for antifungal and antibacterial activites of seeds and seedlings under Fusarium solani stress. Also seed and seedling protein extracts obtained at different time intervals after the fungal stress were evaluated for cytotoxic, mutagenic and antioxidant activities. Maximum antimicrobial activity was shown against Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida among bacterial strains and Fusarium solani and Trichoderma harzianum among fungal strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of protein extracts ranged in 0.125-0.25 µM concentration. A peptide of 9 kDa was isolated from SDS-PAGE analysis at 8 hour post induction that could have therapeutic potential in future. P. corylifolia seeds crude extract and eight hour induced protein extract possessed significant antitumor and cytotoxic activities (P < 0.05). Protein extracts showed potential antioxidant activity with P < 0.05. Mutagenic activity of P. corylifolia was also evaluated and they were also found to be non-mutagenic. Six defensin genes were amplified from DNA isolated from P. corylifolia. In conclusion, the present study has allowed characterization of the bioactive potential of P. corylifolia. Further study of isolated peptides and genes could unveil the defense mechanism against cancer and development of healthier transgenic plants.