اردو شاعری میں قدرتی مظاہر کی تصویر کشی
ڈاکٹر عبدالمنان چیمہ
اردو شاعری کا ایک اہم پہلو قدرتی مظاہر و مناظر کی تصویر کشی ہے ۔ ایک طرف شاعر کی اندرونی کیفیت ہوتی ہے اور دوسری طرف وسیع و عریض کائنات اور اس کے بکھرے ہوئے حسین قدرتی مظاہر کا منظر ہوتا ہے۔اردو ادب کے بہت سارے مشاہیر نے فطرت نگاری کو اپنی شاعری کا موضوع بنایا ہے۔ ان کے ہاں فطرت کے حسن کا ذکر ملتا ہے۔ جن قدرتی اشیاء کا تذکرہ کرتے ہیں ان میں اپنی دلی کیفیات کا رنگ بھر دیتے ہیں۔ فطرت نگاری میں شاعر اپنی دلی کیفیات و محسوسات کو قدرتی نظاروں سے ہم آہنگ کرتا ہے۔ عصر حاضر میں پیسے کی دوڑ اور صنعتی انقلاب نے کائنات کے حسین مناظر کو شدید خطرے سے دوچار کر دیا ہے۔
زمین پر بڑھتی ہوئی آلودگی کا انسان ، جانداروں اورماحول پر نقصان دہ اثر پڑرہاہے۔اس کی بڑی وجہ قدرتی عناصر کا غیر دانشمندانہ استعمال ہے۔ اس لیے قدرتی وسائل میں انسان کی مداخلت کو کم کرنا اور روک تھام کے لئے کردار ادا کرنا وقت کی اہم ضرورت ہے۔زمین کی آلودگی نہ صرف انسانوں کی صحت کے لئے خطرناک ہے بلکہ موجودہ دور میں سرمایہ دارانہ فکر کا حامل انسان معاشی خوشحالی کے چکر میں نسل انسانی کے ساتھ ساتھ کرہ ارض پر پائی جانے والی دیگر مخلوقات کو بھی بری طرح متاثر کررہا ہے۔ بہت سارے مشاہیر نے اپنی شاعری میں قدرتی عناصر کے استحصال اور ماحولیاتی آلودگی کی مذمت کی ہے۔ اردو ادب کے مشاہیرکا اس قومی وانسانی خدمت اور قدرتی مظاہر سے محبت کو اجاگر کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔
ظفر اقبال ظفر قدرتی مظاہر کی تباہی میں انسان کے کردار کی منظر کشی کرتے ہوئے لکھتے ہیں :
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Islam has this faith that everything of the universe, small or big has come into existence with the will, power, method and knowledge of Allah. Fate is the attribution of Allah, which is the truth. It is the condition to have belief of this faith. Since, faith is the attribution of Allah and it’s impossible for anyone to know the extent of godly attributions, so the issue of fate is delicate and precise. One must only have the faith that whatever is happening in the world was already in the knowledge of Allah and god has already saved it on the safe tablet. The dilemma of fate has not been solved by anyone and it will never be solved. There must be a simple faith that whatever is happening in the world has already known by Allah as the Creator of everything is God and everything has come into existence with His creation. All the matters happening in the world are of two kinds. In some of them the will and authority is prevail. In these matters which are to be done which are not to be done orders of their execution or prohibition are given. If they are not performed because of will and authority, there will be accountability for them. Secondly, all those works which have the order of not to be performed, it is necessary not to perform them with one’s will and authority. If those works are not avoided, one must be accountable for them. There are some other works which do not involve our will and authority so, whatever happens is according to our fate. The works having our will and authority for performance will be rewarded and punished accordingly. This study explores the reasons of grief, shock, discernment and difficulties, their reasons and motives in the light of teaching of The Holy Prophet.
The dissertation has been undertaken on Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqua's personality and her views regarding issues of fiqh (a study based on research and resolution). It is a compilation including the case, four chapters, research results, and Bibliography (original and secondary sources). Under the heading of case , an introduction to research on the subject, the need for work on the subject, the problem of the research subject, Hypothesis of the research, the objectives of the research, survey of the research topic in the light of previous studies, the ways and means of research and a synopsis have been presented. In Chapter I the life of Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqua R.A, her different activities, her journey to knowledge, her religious bent of mind and the prevailing conditions and achievements have been discussed. Chapter II presents a brief introduction of her students and provides answers to objections raised by Orientalists. Chapter III introduction of Fiqh, significance of Fiqh in the light of the Teaching of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. History of Fiqh and Hazrat Ayesha Siddiquas's principles of observation of Fiqh. The dissertation has been undertaken on Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqua's personality and her views regarding issues of fiqh (a study based on research and resolution). It is a compilation including the case, four chapters, research results, and Bibliography (original and secondary sources). Under the heading of case , an introduction to research on the subject, the need for work on the subject, the problem of the research subject, Hypothesis of the research, the objectives of the research, survey of the research topic in the light of previous studies, the ways and means of research and a synopsis have been presented. In Chapter I the life of Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqua R.A, her different activities, her journey to knowledge, her religious bent of mind and the prevailing conditions and achievements have been discussed. Chapter II presents a brief introduction of her students and provides answers to objections raised by Orientalists. Chapter III introduction of Fiqh, significance of Fiqh in the light of the Teaching of the Holy Quran and Sunnah. History of Fiqh and Hazrat Ayesha Siddiquas's principles of observation of Fiqh. In Chapter IV a research has been undertaken of Ummul Momineen. Hazrat Ayesha Siddiqua's traditions of Fiqh which Taharat, Worship, Issues of Nikah and Divorce, Morality and Politics have been discussed. In the results of the research the answers has been given to the questions raised in the case. Moreover correct duties established in the case have been identified.