School leadership plays a significant role in determining the levels and quality of school improvement process and its outcomes. The position of the school principal is of a door keeper to change that means how he receives the guests and what are the arrangements to welcome and how to please the guests. The school culture, practices and structure mainly revolve around the principals’ qualities, specifically in the private educational systems. The educational reforms and the fast moving technological era demand that the school leaders can only survive if they have strategic leadership qualities. They also require a strong vision for the institution. To achieve this vision, there should be a strong mission with strategic working styles and measures. The leaders should have the vision, the ability to share the vision with people inside as well as outside the organisation and inspire them to work jointly to accomplish the vision. Strategic leaders are those who have different thinking powers than the ordinary leaders and far-sighted lenses and thought processes to any endeavor. They scan the current position of the institution with respect to its internal and external environment, anticipate change proactively, set goals and objectives, align the organisation’s culture to these goals and negotiate across a wide breath of stakeholders for the survival of the organisation and its continuous improvement. They reflect on the strategies used for improvement and sustain the change in the complex and uncertain changing context. The purpose of the study is to explore and understand the principal’s role as a strategic leader. It also aims at understanding the role of the principal’s practices and position with futuristic lens. Moreover, to understand the principal’s powers to compete in a competitive situation in rural private context and the strategies used to sustain in the education market. The study employed the exploratory case study method selecting one school in the rural context of Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK), Pakistan. Qualitative data gathering strategies, namely; document analysis, observations, semi-structured and focus group discussions were made use of. The data were categorised and classified on the basis of the themes focusing on the principal’s practices and functions. The study findings reveal that the principal’s role is essential for strategic development in schools and strategic planning is fundamental to move towards the strategic direction. Strategic role of the principals is important for the educational development in far-flung rural areas. This study may help educational
میکشؔ اکبر آبادی میکشؔ اکبر آبادی اردو کے پختہ مشق شاعر اور اچھے اہل قلم تھے، انھوں نے درس نظامی کی تکمیل مدرسہ عالیہ آگرہ میں کی، نظم و نثر میں متعدد تصانیف یادگار چھوڑیں، ادبی رسالوں میں ان کی نگارشات برابر شائع ہوتی تھیں، اقبالؔ و غالبؔ بھی ان کی دلچسپی کے موضوعات تھے، ان کا میلان تصوف کی طرف تھا، جس کا اثر ان کی نظم و نثر دونوں پر تھا، اﷲ تعالیٰ انھیں اپنے جوار رحمت میں جگہ دے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، مئی ۱۹۹۱ء)
Stunning is the process of rendering animals immobile or unconscious, with or without killing the animal, when or immediately prior to slaughtering them for food. In modern slaughterhouses a variety of stunning methods are used on livestock. Methods include: Electrical stunning, Gas stunning, Percussive stunning. There are three opinions of Islamic scholars about stunning. Those scholars; who do not allow stunning at all; are of the view that the method of rendering animals unconscious before slaughter is against the shairah method and Sunnah, and it is Makrooh e Teḥreemi. Before slaughtering, if an animal died due to stunning, then that animal is carcass and is not allowed to be eaten. But, if before slaughter, ḥayat e Mustaqirrah is present in animal and it is slaughtered in that condition then it is permissible to eat it. Certain scholars allow stunning in certain situations with some terms and conditions. The decisions of Mjam e Faqhiyyah of modern age are also based on conditional permission. Moreover, Mufti Muḥammad Taqi Usmani, Dr. Wahabah Zoḥaili and Abdul Aziz Bin Baaz agree with conditional permission, while some other scholars allow all types of stunning without any condition; Mufti Muḥammad Abduho and his pupil Allamah Rasheed Raza Miṣri agree with later opinion.
The present study investigates the enactment of the mathematics curriculum in class 7 at a government school in Karachi. Using classroom observation, interviews of a teacher and sampled students and analysis of the curriculum document, the textbook and written work of the students, an attempt was made to understand how far the objectives of the elementary mathematics curriculum were being realised. Also, the constraints on the translation of these objectives from theory into practice were explored. The study focused on the curriculum statement', delivery' and enactment' of four lessons on the simplification of algebraic expressions, each followed by a test' question given to a mixed ability sample group from the class. It was discovered that the very generally stated curriculum was differently implemented in the textbook and by the teacher, which produced unnecessary conceptual and terminological confusion. When students received no help from the teacher, they drew upon their prior arithmetic knowledge. Upon probing, it was found that due to situational constraints, the teacher was herself unclear about the symbolic property of algebraic signs and procedures. A proper understanding of and distinction between operational symbols and quantity symbols was missing. Besides, the bilingual terminology, duplication was found to be an important complicating factor. Addressing the teacher's understanding of algebraic concepts can help reduce the gaps between the stated curriculum and the enacted curriculum. The research findings underlie the need for re-sequencing the curriculum objectives and textbook topics.