This study explores how school-community partnership is developed as an improvement strategy in a private school located in Karachi, Pakistan, where most of the schools are operating without partnership with the communities. The study was qualitative in nature, in which interviews, observations and document analysis were used as different tools for data collection in order to get knowledge about different partnership practices. The practices were found to be the different modes of communication between the homes and school, involvement of the community in different curricular and co- curricular activities, exchange of resources between the homes and the school and various voluntary services by the parents. The study also identified the factors which enhance or hinder school home partnership and explored the perceptions of the school staff regarding their roles in building school-home partnership. The communication between the school and the homes was found to be the fundamental practice for improving the learning environment for the students both at home and at school. It is done through formal meetings, circulars, provision of reading materials, telephonic contacts and different awareness programs arranged at the school. Partnership with homes was also found in terms of involvement of parents in curricular and co-curricular activities, which include story-telling, project works, formal discussions, and classroom observation. Similarly, voluntary services by the parents and the resources which are exchanged between the school and the families were also closely examined in this study. The factors which enhance school-home partnership were found to be: the support and guidance provided by the principal, availability of the resources, location of the school and the learning environment of the school. Meanwhile, while the factors which hinder schoolhome partnership were language problem of some of the parents, hesitation of novice teachers in interacting with the parents and the presence of certain strict rules and regulations. The perception of the school staff and parents about the roles of the principal showed that s/he should be a role model for other staff, develop a collaborative environment within the school and encourage team work, so that parents can be motivated and involved in the education of their children.
نظم وضبط تنظیم بڑی چیز ہے اے اہلِ گلستاں بکھرے ہوئے تنکوں کو نشیمن نہیں کہتے کائنات جن اٹل اصولوں پر چل رہی ہے ان میں زیادہ اہم قانون نظم و ضبط کا ہے۔ کائنات کی لامتناہی اور بے کراں وسعتوں میں کوئی معمولی سی شے یا کوئی حقیر ساذرّہ بھی اس اصول سے مستثنیٰ نہیں ، نظام ِقدرت کے تحت مختلف مخلوقات کو جو ذمہ داریاں تفویض کی گئی ہیں وہ انہیں بطریقہ احسن انجام دے رہی ہیں۔ نظامِ شمسی کے اندر مختلف ستاروں اور سیاروں کی حرکت اور گردش کا جو قانون خالقِ کائنات نے مقرر کیا ہے۔ اس پر صحیح طریقے سے عملدرآمد ہو رہا ہے۔ زمین اپنے مقررہ ضابطے کے تحت محو گردش ہے۔ اسی طرح فضاؤں ، بادلوں کا سفر، در یائوں اور نالوں کی روانی، طغیانی، پہاڑوں کی آتش فشانی اور سمندر کے مدّو جزر وغیرہ کے جواصول اس حکیم مطلق نے مقرر کیے ہیں یہ سب چیزیں انہی قوانین کے مطابق کام کر رہی ہیں۔ قدرت کا تکوینی نظام (جونظم و ضبط کی بنیاد پر قائم ہے) انسان کی نظم و ضبط کی اہمیت کو سمجھنے اور اس پر عمل پیرا ہونے کی دعوت دے رہا ہے۔ کائنات کی مختلف اشیاء ہمیں یہ سکھاتی ہیں کہ قواعد وضوابط کی خلاف ورزی بہر حال نقصان دہ ہے۔ پانی کی مثال ہی لیجئے اگر پانی کی روانی کے لیے شہر کی حدود مقرر نہ کر دی جائیں تو وہ کناروں کو توڑ کر اِدھر اُدھر پھیل کر تباہی مچادیتا ہے۔ لہذا اسے نظم وضبط کے حصار میں رکھنا انتہائی ضروری ہے اگر ہم غور کریں تو یہ بات سمجھ لینا کچھ مشکل نہیں کہ نظم و ضبط اپنانے ہی سے سکھ اور سکون حاصل ہوتا ہے۔ دہر میں عیش دوام آئیں کی پابندی سے ہے موج کی آزادیاں سامانِ...
In our contemporary world the role of bank has increased manifold. Banks whether it be traditional or Islamic play a pivotal role in the economic life of a nation. In fact, modern banks are instrumental in shaping destiny of nations and thus are responsible for the growth and development of societies. Banks perform multiple functions such as safeguard people’s wealth, create jobs, provide capital for new ventures, generate investment opportunities and enhance business environment. Modern banks are the main source of circulation of money leading to wealth multiplication in the national economy. Parallel to traditional banking there exists Islamic banking system which not only prohibits interest but lays emphasis on cent percent obedience to the laws and injunctions laid down by Islamic principles. Islamic bank forbids money earn through nefarious means and allows only permissible means according to the principles of shariah. The Islamic banking system is based on principles beneficial to the society as well guarantees stability and better prospects for the people of a country. In modern times the role of institutions like banks has grown to such an extent that their existence has become inevitable for socio-economic survival and progress.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior or "extra-role behavior" has received a great deal of attention from organizational behavior researchers in the last two decades. Unfortunately, because inquisitions into this topic are still at an early stage, relatively little is yet known about the antecedents of, or key influences on, OCB. In present investigation I looked at prognostic power of these four variables as antecedents of OCB (distributive justice, procedural justice, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction). For that a hierarchical regression analysis was carried out using OCB as the dependent variable. Research also intended to unmask that whether there is any relation between methods of performance monitoring and OCB and what type of effects performance monitoring has on dimensions of OCB which employee exhibit. Because my hypotheses examine the relationships among the methods of monitoring, dimensions of justice, and citizenship behaviors, I first analyzed the data using a nested-models analysis and then looked at the significance of the individual paths. In conclusion, overall, the results provide limited encouragement for the familiar compensatory model of relationships among the leader monitoring behaviours, perceptions of justice, and OCB. Informal discussions formal meetings were found to have a direct and positive relationship with altruism, courtesy and conscientiousness, conflicting with the overall negative relationship hypothesized between monitoring and OCB. Similarly, distributive justice was found to have a significant, negative relationship with the four out of five OCB dimensions, instead of the hypothesized positive relationships. Results does not approved that the exceptional variance in organizational citizenship behavior will be expounded via Organizational commitment Comparisons of findings show that satisfaction in job confirms solid association to Organizational Citizenship Behavior, tracked by organizational commitment, Interactional justice, and distributive justice.