’’انٹی کرپشن‘‘ یعنی انسدادِ بد عنوانی!
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!آج مجھے جس موضوع پر اظہار خیال کرنا ہے وہ ہے:’’انٹی کرپشن‘‘ یعنی انسداد بدعنوانی!‘‘
ملاوٹ کرپشن ہے سب کا مزاج
خدا جانے بدلے گا کب یہ سماج
صاحبِ صدر!
انٹی کرپشن یعنی انسداد بدعنوانی کے لفظ سے ہی یہ بات مترشحّ ہورہی ہے کہ بدعنوانی کو :
کوئی معاشرہ ، کوئی قوم، کوئی خاندان کسی لحاظ سے بھی مستحسن قرارنہیں دیتا، جس مضمون کا عنوان ہی غیر مناسب اور ناموزوں ہو اس میں موجود موادکبھی اچھے نتائج برآمد نہیں کرسکتا۔
کرپشن کے لفظ میں سینکڑوں برائیاں ، سینکڑوں نازیبا حرکات پنہاں ہیں ، کرپشن کا اژدہا معاشرے کے حسن کو اپنی بھیانک شکل سے شب بیماراں کرنے کے درپے ہے۔ کرپشن جس مقام پر بھی ہو تو اس کی شائستگی اور شیفتگی کا قلع قمع کر دیتی ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
مجاہد سرحد پر کھڑ اتساہل اور غفلت کا شکار ہے تو وہ بھی کرپشن کر رہا ہے۔ مسیحااپنے فرائضِ منصبی بطریقِ احسن سرانجام نہیں دے رہا تو وہ بھی بدعنوانی اور کرپشن کا شکار ہے۔ اس کی لا پرواہی سے مریض لقمہ اجل بن رہے ہیں تو اس عظیم پیشہ سے وابستہ شخص گویا انتہائی درجے کابدعنوان اور کرپٹ ہے۔
معزز سامعین!
کر پشن اور بدعنوانی کے حامل شخص سے خلاصی انتہائی ناگزیر ہے۔ بدعنوانی کے خوفناک سالوں سے نکلنے کے لیے دیانتداری اور ایمان داری کی شمع کو منور کرنا ہوگا۔ اسلام کے گلشن سے گلہائے رنگارنگ کا نظارہ کرنا ہوگا، جرأت اور جوانمردی کے اسپ تازی کی شاہسواری کرنی ہوگی۔
صدرِ ذی وقار!
کرپشن اور بدعنوانی ایسی نہیں کہ ناپ تول میں کمی کی جائے ، ہر غیر اخلاقی...
Dr Ghulam Mustafa Khan [d. 2005] can truly be said to be a teacher of teachers [ustadh al-asatadha]. In his long and distinguished academic career spanning over six decades, he brought into existence literally hundreds of teachers in his subject Urdu and also created in many of them a taste for critical research that resulted in the existence of a whole corpus of standard critical material. This will endure in academic circles for a long time. It was his common habit to encourage his students, especially those of an academic bent of mind, to enrol for a Ph.D. In the course of which he would proffer them all kinds of assistance even if he were not their research supervisor. As such, the names of Dr Najmul Islam, who succeeded him as Chairman, Department of Urdu, University of Sindh, stands out. Dr Najmul Islam was the editor of a scholarly research journal, Tehqiq, which appeared in over 20 volumes in his own lifetime. Each issue contained scores of critical essays of a very high academic standard including his own [Dr N. Islam’s]. There is also the name of Dr Hasrat Kasganjvi, who emerged as a creative artist and critic of merit later on authoring dozens of books of high academic standard. The list is long and distinguished and contains the names of the major teachers of Urdu language and literature at the main Pakistani universities. Apart from Urdu teachers, the thousands of persons who had the benefit of attending his lectures and courses are also evidence of his intellectual wide-ranging scholarship. Then there is the select circle of his murids who formed his circle of spiritual knowledge and who had proffered their religious devotion at his hands. To these he gave the benefit of his spiritual counsel and advice as well as the vast knowledge he possessed of the Islamic sciences in his table-talk. Among these persons, the name of ex-President Ziaul Haq is most prominent.
This study is two pronged. Firstly, it analyses the recorded seismic data in order to ascertain the nature of seismogenic sources. Secondly, it focuses on the development of an empirical attenuation relationship for the study area (northern part of Pakistan). The analysis of seismic data demonstrates that the area has substantial potential to generate frequently low to moderate seismicity originating from relatively shallow crustal depth. The magnitude (ML) of the major earthquakes included in this study ranged 5.0-7.0. The Kohat (ML= 6.0), Astor Valley (ML= 6.2) and Kaghan Valley (ML= 5.6) earthquakes collectively inflicted around 100 fatalities, left 250 people injured and made around 2000 people homeless. However, Fatehjang (ML= 5.3) and Mangla (ML= 5.0) earthquakes caused no human casualty. Focal mechanism solutions of the Kaghan Valley and Kohat earthquakes suggested that the earthquakes were predominantly due to thrust faults, striking NNW-SSE and E-W, dipping 510 and 200 towards NE and N respectively, with minor strike slip component. The solutions agreed well with the nature of seismogenic sources. Similarly, fault plane solution indicated that Mangla earthquake was also owing to thrust, striking E-W and gently dipping towards N. In contrary, focal mechanism solutions for Astor Valley and Fatehjang earthquakes demonstrated that these earthquakes were caused by normal thrust faults, striking NE-SW and NNW-SSE, dipping 620 and 510 towards NW and NE, respectively. The solutions did not match with the nature of the faults causing these earthquakes. However, more seismic data are required to find a plausible explanation of that mismatch. The intensity maps of these earthquakes indicated intensity (MMI) in the range of V-VIII. The Muzaffarabad earthquake of magnitude (ML) 7.0 was however extremely devastating. Death toll was around 75000, injured people were 100,000 and around four million were displaced. Post earthquake seismicity included 6330 earthquakes within first month, 296 of which had magnitude (ML) greater than 4.0. Aftershocks were distributed over a length of 120 Km and were mostly concentrated in the northern extent of the Kashmir Thrust. Focal mechanism solutions demonstrated that Muffarabad earthquake was predominantly due to thrust, striking NNW-SSE and steeply dipping NE, with minor strike slip component. The solutions coincided well with slip nature of Kashmir Thrust. The intensity map showed remarkably high intensity up to XI. An attenuation relationship was developed for the study area. A comparison of peak ground acceleration (PGA) values assimilated by using newly developed relationship and observed PGA values for earthquakes of 7.6, 6.4 and 5.0 magnitude showed a good agreement between the observed and assimilated PGA values. However, new relationship slightly overestimated the near field PGA values for earthquakes of magnitude 7.6. This discrepancy may be due to the possible site nonlinearity effects and dearth of near field high quality strong motion data, especially pertaining to earthquakes of greater magnitude. Likewise, a comparison of PGA values predicted by the new relationship and other relationships with observed PGA values for earthquakes of 7.6, 6.4 and 5.0 magnitude demonstrated better fit between the observed PGA values and values assimilated by the new relationship. This suggested the viability of newly developed attenuation relationship to predict peak ground acceleration for earthquakes of wider range magnitude and longer source to seismic station distances.