The aim of this research study was to investigate the perceptions of the teachers about children with Learning Disabilities in order to facilitate them in mainstream classrooms in a private school of Karachi, Pakistan. Furthermore, in this research, the researcher aimed to identify and describe the facilitating and hindering factors in the teaching and learning processes of a mainstream classroom setting. The research looked at the perceptions, facilitating and hindering factors, along with the teachers' understanding regarding diversity, inclusive education and mainstream classroom setting. The paradigm that was chosen for this research was the exploratory approach and the strategy was inductive, the outcomes were descriptive and the meaning mediated through the researcher was used as the instrument. This paradigm accounts for multiple realities and highlights the importance of context. Moreover, this qualitative exploratory study was done with the aim to describe the phenomena accurately. Furthermore, a purposive sampling strategy was adopted and semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers who participated in the study. The key findings of this study showed that the teachers working at school had a good understanding and sense of what diversity and inclusive education entail. Their attitudes were generally positive and they embrace diversity and see inclusive education as having many advantages. The teachers feel well-supported in their school environment and there is a display of a sense of belongingness among the staff. The teachers highlighted the facilitating and hindering factor in their interviews. Encouragement from the management and parents' sides, pedagogical knowledge, self-experience, tendency of sharing experience of the teachers were-some of the facilitating factors. In contrast, according to finding of the research study, the interactive gap between teachers and parents, insufficient pedagogical knowledge, workload, ups and downs in parents' expectation regarding children's learning outcomes and lack of classroom resources were found out as the hindering factors for the teaching and learning process.
بہت کم لوگ ایسے ہوا کرتے ہیں جنہیں قدرت شعری صلاحیت سے نوازتی ہے۔ اقبال پر شعری کیفیت طاری ہوتی تو وہ دیر تک جاری رہتی تھی۔ اقبال نے پندرہ سال کی عمر میں شعر کہنا شروع کیا۔ آپ نے اپنا فکری پیغام شاعری کے وسیلے سے عام کیا۔ خطوط، خطبات، مضامین اور مقالے وغیرہ اقبال کے فکری اسالیب کے نمونے ہیں۔ خطوط کی تعداد تو بہت ہی زیادہ ہے۔ انہیں کلیات کی صورت کجا بھی کیا گیا ہے۔ شعری کلام کی ترتیب کے وقت اقبال نے کلام کا بہت سا معقول حصہ حذف کر دیا جسے باقیات کے نام سے جمع کیا گیا۔ اقبال کی بعض انگریزی تصانیف کے اردو تراجم ہوئے۔ بہت سی تصانیف کے نئے ایڈیشن سامنے آئے۔ پروفیسر عبد الحق نے سابقہ مونوگراف کی طرح اس میں بھی تصانیف کا مختصر تعارف پیش کیا ہے۔
This study aims to (1) examine the learning outcomes of students' reading comprehension in class III SD Inpres Parang Makassar using power point media; (2) assessing the learning outcomes of students' reading comprehension in grade III SD Inpres Parang Makassar without using power point media; (3) examining the effectiveness of power point media to improve learning outcomes for reading comprehension of third grade students of SD Inpres Parang Makassar. This study used an experimental research design with a posttest only control design. The population of this research is the third grade students of SD Inpres Parang Makassar. The data that had been collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and parametric inferential statistics type T Test that were processed using the SPSS version 20 windows computer program. The results of hypothesis testing show that (1) the value of t-count shows the number -9.708 with sig. (2 tailed) = 0.000. At the 95% significance level with 46 degrees of freedom. Because the significance value or p-value <0.005, then the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected or in other words the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores in the experimental class in the learning outcomes of students in class IIIB SD Inpres Parang Makassar. The use of power point media to improve students' reading comprehension learning outcomes of SD Inpres Parang Makassar is more effective using power point media. This can be seen from the t-test calculation of -9.708 with db = 46 at the 5% significance level. These results indicate that the price p = 0.000. The p value is less than 0.05.
The most significant issues in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is to develop such power aware and energy efficient schemes which enhance the network life-time and also limit the usage of energy in net data transmission. This dissertation presents two routing protocols for UWSNs which are compared with the previously designed schemes. In the first scenario, we have proposed a routing protocol called Energy Harvesting in UWSNs (EH-UWSNs). This protocol proves to be a compact, energy proficient and high throughput routing scheme for UWSNs. In this proposed protocol architecture, we present Energy Harvesting with the cooperative transmission of data packets utilizing relay sensors. Through Energy Harvesting, the sensors recharge their batteries from the environment and forward information utilizing cooperation procedure, limiting power usage along-with reliable data delivery. At the final receiving node, the combining approach used is based on Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Simulation results of EH-UWSNs scheme indicate better outcomes in terms of energy consumption, end-to-end delay and network lifetime in contrast with the Co-UWSNs routing protocol. EHUWSNs have expanded substantially less energy when contrasted with Co-UWSNs along-with the information transmission. Also there is an intense need to design an optimized congestion control scheme which enhances the network life time and also controls the congestion of data packets. The second scheme which we have presented is called Dist-Coop (Distributed Cooperation with Towards energy harvesting and congestion control in routing protocols design of Underwater Sensor Networks by Malik Taimur Ali Page 2 Congestion Control) in UWSNs. It is a cooperation-based scheme which uses mechanism for optimized congestion control in noisy links of underwater. It is compact, energy proficient and high throughput opportunistic. The proposed scheme in this architecture is then compared with an existing scheme SPARCO and with our previously presented scheme EH-UWSNs. In literature, no such scheme existed which worked collectively on congestion control as well as energy consumption. Hence, the Dist-Coop protocol gave us promising results than previous schemes.