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Home > Teachers’ Perceptions of School Environment in Private Schools of Karachi

Teachers’ Perceptions of School Environment in Private Schools of Karachi

Thesis Info

Author

Shamuil Badruddin

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727987132

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School environment has been considered in literature as an important factor which influences the behaviour and performance of teachers. Several aspects of school's psychosocial environment have been cited as strongly related with teacher commitment, efficacy, morale, stress, burnout, attrition and turnover. This study explored the perceptions of private school teachers of Karachi about their school's psychosocial environment. It used School Level Environment Questionnaire (SLEQ) for this purpose' thus, it also validated the tool. SLEQ was self-administered to a sample of 289 teachers, selected from two towns of Karachi, Pakistan, through a multi-stage cluster sampling. Factor analysis was used to explore the perceptions of teachers within the three dimensions of school environment, which are: Relationship Dimension (RD), Professional Development Dimension (PDD), and System Maintenance and System Change Dimension (SMCD). In relationship dimension, the findings of the study reveal that generally teachers perceive healthy relationships with their students and colleagues. Most of the teachers believe that their students are helpful, cooperative, well-mannered and respectful; however, some teachers also think that students are noisy and disruptive; and hence, they consider using strict disciplinary measures to control them. In relationship with their colleagues, they generally perceive a collegial atmosphere and friendly relationships; however, some teachers also feel that they are not appreciated by their colleagues and their voice is not given importance. In the professional development dimension, teachers feel that they have opportunities for learning and professional development in their school environment. They frequently discuss professional matters, talk about teaching and learning, attend training courses, and are keen to learn from each other. In system maintenance and system change dimension, the findings report that most of the teachers feel that their schools provide them adequate resources, including computers and internet, which according to teachers, are highly related with innovation in their teaching. The teachers also believe that they have a certain level of work pressure in their schools, with some teachers feeling that they have little time to relax and their workload is unmanageable. Teachers mostly feel that they have lack of freedom and authority, as they are expected to strictly follow the syllabus and lesson plans and use the prescribed material and textbooks. Most of them believe that decisions in their schools are usually taken by principal and a small group of teachers, and they are not allowed to take decisions on their own as they are usually expected to refer to the
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Conclusion

When we go through the history of Sub-continent it becomes clear that Islam entered in this area during the period of rightly guided Caliphs. In 92 A.H when Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and some other parts of the present Pakistan, many Tab‘een and some companions came in the Sub-continent. It is famous that Shāh Walī Allāh (d:1176 A.H) is the first person in Sub-continent who translated Holy Qur’an in Persian and urged to ponder over its meanings. But it is not true. Makhdūm Nūḥ Hālāe’ (d:998 A.H/1589A.D) translated the Qur’ān in the Persian language and he must be regarded as the pioneer of the translation works. Shāh Walī Allāh had to face opposition on translating the Holy Book. Later on, his sons followed him produced translations in Urdu. Many scholars have written tafasir (commentaries) of the Quran. When we analyze these commentaries, it seems that influence of different schools of thought is visible on them. Although Hanfi School of Thought is in the majority but there is a division in Hanfis as well. Salfi approach has also influence in Sub-continent. In some tafsir, Sufi approach can also be seen. Moudidi is the first person who presented a theory of political Islam and his tafsir Tafhīm al- Qur’ān advocates this aspect. Hameed-ud-Deen Farahi is the first person in the Sub-continent who highlighted Nazm-e-Qur’an and his student Maulānā Amīn Aḥsan Iṣlāḥī advocated his approach in Tadabbur-e-Qur’ān.

To sum up it can be said that in Sub-continent there is variety of approaches for understanding Qur’an. This is blessing of Allah Almighty that Holy Qur’an is being understood in different ways and every scholar is getting pearls of guidance as per his ability and approach.

امن کے علمی مراکز: رکاوٹیں اور حل: سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں

The first ever educational institute established by the Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) at Masjid al-Nabawī was known as “al-Ṣuffah”. In the present world, both the Islamic religious institutes (Madāris) and the secular educational institutes can play a vital role for the promotion of peace in the society. In the perspective of the subcontinent, both, the Dāru’l ‘Ulūm Deoband and the ‘Alī Gaṛh University produced peace loving people, who later achieved freedom for the Muslims of south Asia. The Pakistani secular schools are mostly peace loving. They are producing human resources, which are ruling and serving the country. On the other hand, the religious schools have become the hub of religious extremism. However, such fanatics are found in both the educational systems. Learn to (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet our of Sunnah the follow to need We the lesson of peace from the examples of the conquest of Makkah, the battle of the trench and from Mīthāq al-Madīnah and many other. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) prophet the by peace for taken steps

Combinatorial Design, Synthesis, Bioevaluation and Sar Studies on Some Small Drug‐Like Molecular Libraries

A combinatorial synthesis of small libraries of a variety of amino chalcones has been carried out in solution phase under standard Claisen Schmidt conditions. The compounds were tested for their potential as antibacterial and cytotoxic agents as well as phosphatase inhibitors and the leads were identified in each bioassay. Chalcone 7 was found to have strongest potential as cytotoxic agent, while chalcone 11 be the most potent PGM inhibitory agent. Parallel synthesis of a 120 member chalcone library was carried out as mixture synthesis following the positional scanning protocol. The identification of lead in this library was carried out by deconvulution and chalcones 22 and 41 were found to be the most potential candidates to be developed as antibacterial agents. Following the same strategy of mixture synthesis, another 175 member chalcones library was synthesized and most potent anticancer chalcones 31, 61 and 78 were identified by deconvolution through position scanning protocol. Peptidyl α,β- unsaturated ketones were synthesized as novel bis- electrophiles susceptible for 3+2 and 3+4 annulations. As a result, peptidyl oxazoles, pyrazolines, pyrazoles, benzothiazepines and benzodiazepines were synthesized. Potent antidiabetic chalcones were docked into the PGM active site and a rationale was found for greater antidiabetic activity of chalcones over the other. Rational design and synthesis of some cytotoxic chalcones was based on 3DQSAR studies using CoMFA as a tool. 3DQSAR studies were also carried out on a library of 30 chalcones as potential antitumor agents.