This study is about the key stakeholders' perceptions of punishment and their effect on classroom culture intended to answer among other questions, the notion and rationale for using or not using punishment in the class. It was further proposed to look into how teachers can confer with other stakeholders of the school, including students, through their perceptions about punishment to understand the effects of punishment and explore the possible alternatives to it. The study was conducted in a community owned school in Karachi, where six students of class eight and their four teachers were involved as participants. In addition to these, one principal and three vice principals of the three sections of the school were also taken as participants. To shuffle the cards well, six parents and one board member of the school were also interviewed. The study revealed that, in the technical sense of what punishment would mean, it is not fair to deny completely the use of punishment in schools as a technique to adjust students' misbehavior. The terms misbehavior', discipline' and punishment' have been a common language in schools and that they can be explained together as if one influences the other. Some stakeholders looked into punishment as those actions involving physical situations only and they were not able to assess precisely psychological punishment. Nevertheless their perceptions indicated that there are some vivid examples showing that teachers can organize classes without tension of punishment, and though punishment may work, it should not be suggested to be used. In addition, although most teachers from the sample admitted how they remained skeptical about the use of punishment in the classroom, yet they could not do without it as punishment remained part of the hidden curriculum. At some point, some stakeholders suggested the word punishment' to be replaced, although meaning continuing practice. Some administrators also expressed their concern about the negative effects of punishment in schools. However, they accepted the continuance of some practices, and felt that particular modes of punishment might help in behavior management. Students on the other hand expressed their feelings that, as social beings who also wanted to belong, they needed encouragement, cooperation and firm control in a democratic alliance of parents, teachers and themselves. Students demanded for more democratic classrooms. Students should be able to face the reality of life from their time in school, as they will also be liable to go wrong in
میں نے دکتور محمود سے کہا کہ پاکستان میں مختلف زبانوں اور رسم و رواج کے لوگ آباد ہیں ۔اس لیے وہاں ایک نہیں بلکہ کئی طرح کے رقص ملتے ہیں ۔پنجاب میں بھنگڑا ،لڈی ،سمی اور گدا وغیرہ شا مل ہیں۔ اسی طرح بلوچی چاپ ،جھومر اور لیوا رقص کرتے ہیں۔سندھی تہذیب میں دھمال اور ہو جمالو کا بہت زیادہ رواج ہے چونکہ سندھ صوفیا کی سر زمین ہے اس لیے ان کے مزاروں پر دھمال ڈالی جاتی ہے ۔جس میں وجد کی حالت میں مدھم سروں پر رقص کیا جا تا ہے ۔اس طرح پختونخواہ میں اتن خٹک اور چترالی و گلگتی رقص کو رواج ہے ۔خٹک رقص تلواروں کے ساتھ کیا جاتا ہے ۔ دکتور محمود نے کہا عرب میں بھی تلواروں کے ساتھ رقص کیا جاتا ہے ۔میں نے کہاجی بالکل میں نے سعودی شاہ سلمان کے ساتھ امریکی صدر ڈونلڈ ٹرمپ کو یہ رقص کرتے دیکھا ہے ۔اس پر دکتور محمود نے خوب قہقہہ لگایا کہنے لگے اس میں ٹرمپ وہی لگ رہے تھے جس کا ذکر آپ کے مرشد یوسفی نے لغت میں دیکھا تھا۔
میں نے دکتور محمود کو مخاطب کیا کہ آپ کو معلوم ہے پاکستان کے شمال میں کیلاش قوم آباد ہے جو بالکل منفرد تہذیب اور الگ تھلگ بود باش کے لوگ ہیں ۔ان کی خواتین خوبصورت زرق برق لباس زیب تن کیے سروں پر خوبصورت مالا پروئے ٹوپیاں پہنے ، کندھے سے کندھا ملائے ڈھول کی تھاپ کے ساتھ مدھم انداز میں ٹواینڈ فرو موشن میں رقص کرتے ہیں ، مگر حیرت کی بات یہ ہے کہ جب یہ لوگ اپنے مردے دفناتے ہیں تب اس رقص کا خوب اہتمام کیا جاتا ہے ۔اس نے حیرت سے پوچھا کہ تدفین کے وقت...
Principal leadership activities in utilizing social media can affect the effectiveness of organizing, coaching, and communication. This study discusses effective communication with students through utilizing social media. Communication through social media is done by forming groups in various social media. This research was conducted with a survey method that uses data analysis with path analysis methods where calculations are performed with the program used are Data Analysis packages found in Microsoft Excel and SPSS. The subjects of this study were the deputy principals of the Vocational High School students' field of 100 people in the city of Bekasi. The determination of the sample was taken using Slovin formula and random sampling technique, as many as 80 deputy principals in the student field were the sample of the study while 20 deputy principals in the student field were used to test the validation of the research instruments. This research is expected to contribute to society.
In emerging economies, tunneling is a commonly examined feature of business groups because their pyramidal organizational structures allow an apex firm’s dominant shareholders to control affiliates. This study used both direct and indirect methods of examining tunneling behavior and its causes and consequences in firms listed in the Pakistan Stock Exchange belonging to different business groups. For this purpose, the data of167 nonfinancial firms that recorded RPTs in their annual reports from 2006 to 2013 used for analysis. The empirical results of different regression models suggested that board size, board independence, CEO compensation, institutional, and foreign ownership have a significant negative effect on the related party transactions, whereas ownership of the associated firms, CEO duality, and managerial ownership have a positive effect on the RPTs. Moreover, bank loans, multiple bank relationships, and audit quality have a significant and negative effect on the RPTs. The performance models show that RPTs have a negative effect on accounting based measures such as return on assets, return on equity, earning per share and market-based performance such as Tobin’s Q. Further, this study applied the indirect empirical technique developed by Bertrand, Mehta, and Mullainathan (2002) for measuring tunneling in business groups. For this purpose, a sample of 396 firms for a period of 2006 to 2015 considered for the estimation of regression models. The results suggested that group firms are more sensitive to industry shocks as compared to standalone-firms. Furthermore, group-firms with a higher level of managerial ownership and associated ownership are less sensitive to industry shocks. The overall results are consistent with the conflict of interest hypothesis and the tunneling behavior of the controlling shareholders in Pakistani business groups.