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The Perceptions and Practices of Social Studies Teachers About Enquiry-Based Teaching in Karachi, Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Yusupova, Aikyanai

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727998149

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This study was conducted to examine the perceptions and practices about enquiry based teaching held by Social Studies teachers in private English Medium schools in Karachi (Pakistan). 257 teachers participated in the survey. They were asked to share their perceptions and practices about enquiry-based teaching. The results of the study showed that the Social Studies teachers in private English medium schools have a poor understanding about the nature of enquiry-based teaching. They also lack the appropriate pedagogical skills and competencies which are probably due to the low quality of training that they received. However, it is important to note that Pakistani teachers do make efforts to use enquiry in their Social Studies classrooms. While implementing an enquiry approach, the teachers recognize that enquiry has a positive impact on students' learning in terms of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The teachers identify some challenges of implementing enquiry based teaching as well. As a solution, professional development of the teachers has been proposed as a solution. In addition, calls for enquiry materials and efficient support from all school stakeholders have been raised.
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۵۵۔ ایک کمی

 ایک کمی

جب کہانی کا مرکزی کردار مر جائے

تو ثانوی کردار ادھورے رہ جاتے ہیں

یہ ادھورا پن بھی کتنی بڑی کمی ہے

Pemikiran Filosofis Pendidikan Islam (Esensialisme)

Essentialism represents one of the branches within the realm of educational philosophy. The emergence of this perspective can be traced back to a response against the absolutist and dogmatic tendencies of medieval symbolism. Subsequently, it formulates a structured and all-encompassing understanding of humanity and the universe, tailored to the contemporary demands. The essentialist viewpoint in education asserts that a foundational approach, contrasting with a wholly flexible stance, can serve as a foundation for cultivating a steadfast and unwavering outlook, one that is less prone to fluctuations and inconsistency. Consequently, education should be grounded in enduring values that promote stability, have stood the test of time, exhibit clarity, and are deliberately chosen.The essentialist philosophy of education aims to reintroduce a return to traditional culture. Advocates of this philosophy hold the belief that ancient cultures possess numerous virtues capable of benefiting the progression of humanity. Their emphasis is on reverting to cultural practices that have existed since the inception of human civilization, with a primary focus on the cultural advancements that transpired during the Renaissance period, spanning the 11th to 14th centuries AD. The Renaissance was marked by significant efforts to rekindle the realms of science, art, and classical culture, particularly those hailing from the eras of ancient Greece and Rome. In contrast, the Islamic philosophical perspective on education and the concept of essentialism exhibits distinctions. These differences arise from varying interpretations concerning the interrelation between God, human beings, and the natural environment. The philosophical underpinnings of Islamic education find their foundation within the core concepts of Islam, encompassing the Quran and Hadith, as well as insights from distinguished Islamic scholars and thinkers.

Physiological and Molecular Studies of Tomato under Salinity Stress

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of salt stress on the physiology of twelve genotypes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), to study the genetic diversity among these genotypes and to transfer salt tolerant gene in the selected genotype through Agrobacterium mediated gene transformation method. The seeds of different tomato genotypes were obtained from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad and from Horticulture Research institute (HRI), NARC, Islamabad. First experiment comprises study of plant growth, ionic content, ABA content of shoot and root and proline content at four different NaCl salinity level. The genotypes Avinash, NTH242 and Gol performed better at higher salt concentration as indicated by less inhibition of plant height, shoot and root fresh weight and shoot and root dry weight. There was less translocation of Na + to shoot but greater accumulation of K + and Ca 2+ concomitant with higher production of osmoregulant (proline) and endogenous ABA accumulation in shoot was recorded. Second experiment was conducted to study the genetic diversity among the twelve tomato genotypes through randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analyses. Twelve tomato genotypes were grouped in four clusters at similarity coefficient value of 0.88 on the basis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Cluster-I consisted of a single tomato genotype “NTH-242”. Cluster-II of three tomato genotypes Lyp No.1, BARI, Roma and Cluster-III grouped Pakit and Riogrande together. Cluster-IV composed of maximum tomato genotypes i.e. 88572, Gol, Nagina, Checo, Pant Bahar and Avinash. Third experiment deals with Agrobacterium mediated transformation of DREB 1A gene in tomato using tissue culture. Prior to transformation three tomato genotypes were subjected to tissue culture studies to select the best genotype for callus induction and regeneration. Hypocotyls and leaf discs were used as explant source and inoculated on Murashige and Skoog media having different hormonal combinations. The callus induction and regeneration frequency varied among genotypes and it was concluded that hypocotyls of tomato genotype Avinash produced maximum callus induction and regeneration frequency on MS media xiiisupplemented with IAA (0.5 mg/l) and Kin (1.5 mg/l). Agrobacterium mediated gene transformation was carried out in tomato genotype Avinash to transfer DREB 1A gene tolerant to salt stress. During the study it was observed that two min infection time with Agrobacterium, two days for co-cultivation, Acetosyringone @ 50 μM in co-cultivated media and 50 mg/l hygromycin in selection media was optimum for high frequency transformation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was conducted to confirm trasfomants by amplification of 500 bp size DNA fragment for hygromycin resistance gene.