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Use of Portfolio As a Tool for Assessing On-Going Development of Students Writing Skills

Thesis Info

Author

Rashidi, Marzia

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2002

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728012565

Similar


Action research is a qualitative study through which, one can improve the existing practice. Classroom teachers are actually action researchers, who can improve their teaching and the students' learning through critically reflecting on their practices. My interest evolved as a result of my dissatisfaction of the existing practice of the assessment system in my school, which, motivated me to work on this issue. Teachers consider teaching and assessment as two different aspects. Assessment is done at the end of the term or yearly basis which teachers judge the students learning. The problem is that teachers can't do justice to the students through summative assessments. In contrast, formative assessments help the teachers to assess students' progress on an on-going basis. It also helps teachers to improve their practices. We can try our best to use new and modern techniques and strategies in our classroom, but we cannot be effective teachers until and unless we assess the students' learning on an on-going basis. . This research study was done in my own school keeping in mind the possibilities and challenges of using portfolio as a tool for on-going development of the students' writing skills. The process approach was used to teach the students writing where both the mechanics and structure of the story were focused. Assessment of writing is integral to effective teaching and learning. Portfolio is a manageable, effective, and a fair way of assessing individual student's on-going development of writing skills. It helps the teachers to diagnose the students' needs and interests. In this way the teachers become more aware of them as individuals. That's why we say that it helps teachers to improve their teaching. Certainly when you know the students problems you will probably think about some ways to help them to re-solve those problems. Students need encouragement and qualitative feedback. This is the basic purpose of portfolio assessment so that students bring improvement in their work. Teachers feel it as a burden only because they are not aware of the advantages and the effective uses of portfolio assessment. Once they realize its effectiveness and its contribution in their teaching as well as the students' learning they would not feel it as a burden or extra work.
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عوام کا استحصال

عوام کا استحصال

                ٹیکس کا موجودہ نظام امیر لوگوں کا تحفظ ، مفلس اور متوسط آمدنی والے طبقے پر بوجھ ڈالتا ہے۔ عام عوام کو جو ٹیکس ادا کرنا پڑتا ہے وہ ضرورت اشیا کے مطابق سترہ فیصد ہوتا ہے مگر تمام  ٹیکسز کو ملا کر تین گناہ زیادہ بن جاتا ہے۔اور یہ ٹیکس امیر آدمی کے لیے تو رائی برابر مگر غریب اور متوسط طبقہ افراد کی کمر توڑ کر رکھ دیتا ہے۔ پاکستان کے تمام رہنما قانون آئین اور جمہوریت کی بات کرتے ہیں مگر ان عظیم رہنما ؤں نے کبھی بھی موجودہ نظام میں ٹیکسز کی اصلاح کا ایجنڈا پیش نہیں کیا تو شروع سے یہ نظام چلتا آ رہا ہے ،یہ جوں کا توںہی رہا اور عوام کا استحصال کیا جاتا رہا۔ قوم مسلسل اقتدار اور اعلی منصب پر فائز لوگوں سے ٹیکس وصول نہ کرنے کی سیاسی سرپرستی کی وجہ سے نقصان برداشت کرتی رہی۔لیکن  اذیت کی بات  تو اصل میں یہ رہی کہ یہ حکومت پھر بھی خود کو عوام کا خیر خواہ کہتی رہی۔موجودہ استحصالی نظام کی وجہ سے وہ افراد جن کا تعلق غریب طبقہ سے ہے انھیں کسمپرسی کی زندگی گزارنے پر مجبور کیا جا رہا ہے اور غربا میں کمی کی بجائے اضافہ ہوتا جا رہا ہے۔ملکی ترقی تب ہی ممکن ہے جب طبقاتی تفریق کا خاتمہ کیا جائے اور مساوات کا نظام روا رکھا جائے۔

                ناول نگار نے کہانی میں عوام کے استحصال کو بھی موضوع بنایا ہے۔زمینداروں کے پاس سرمایہ نہیں ہوتا کہ وہ اچھی کاشت کاری کرسکیں جس کے لیے وہ زمین کے عوض سود پر رقم لیتے ہیں اور مقررہ وقت پر جب سود واپس نہیں کیا جاتا تو نتیجہ یہ نکلتا ہے کہ وہ زمین بنیوں کے پاس چلی جاتی ہے۔ اس...

الخطاب الإسلامي ومآلاته على الإنسان معرفيا - سلوكيا - وجدانيا

هدفت الدراسة لدحض الأفكار المتجنية على الخطاب الإسلامي المتنوع، وذلك بالبرهنة على أنه لا توجد أمة انطلقت شموليا، دون الاعتماد على خطاب أصيل لا ينفصل عن اللغة الأم وأصولها، ولتعيين خلل التعثرات، ومساءلة التاريخ والواقع والذات عن مكامن النقص والضعف، ومساهمة في إيجاد الحلول، وتصحيح الذات والتشارك في الفضل، ثم التحرر من الهياكل والأفكار السلبية الموروثة والعمل على تخليقها. ودعت الدراسة الباحثين والعلماء إلى مركزة الخطاب الإسلامي ضمن أولوياتهم وأبحاثهم، نظرا لخصوصياته ومؤهلاته ومكانته الرمزية المستمدة من الكتاب والسنة، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة فقد زاوج الباحث بين المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والاستقرائي، مستعينا بعدة مصادر ومراجع في الموضوع للتوثيق والاستشهاد، مع إبداء الرأي في المواطن التي تستدعي ذلك، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: جدوى المراهنة على قدرات اللغة العربية وخطابها المتزن استيعابا للعلوم، وتوحيدا للأمة على كلمة السواء، رغبة في قوة التدين وتخليق الحياة.

Molecular Characterization of Familial Epilepsies

Epilepsy is an ailment of central nervous system that is characterized by inherent tendency of the brain to produce unprovoked seizures. Epilepsy could be idiopathic i.e.without a known cause (also cryptogenic) or symptomatic i.e. with a discernable clinical cause. Genetics play a crucial role in pathogenesis of both idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsies and molecular characterization holds prime importance and significance to delimit the genetic causes of the ailment. In the current study, five families (designated here as EP-01, EP-02, EP-03, EP-10 and EP-22) affected with idiopathic epilepsies were ascertained at molecular level through whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to identify underlying genetic variants. The families EP-01 and EP-22 were affected with autosomal recessive progressive myoclonic epilepsy (also called Lafora disease). In family EP-01, we identified a novel missense variant c.262T>G in the EPM2A gene segregating with the disease phenotype. In silico analyses supported deleterious effects of the mutation by affecting the carbohydrate binding module of the EPM2A translated protein. In family EP-22, a recurrent nonsense variant c.793C>T in the NHLRC1 gene was identified as the likely cause of the disease phenotype in the family. The family EP-03 was affected with a Dravet-like phenotype. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel missense variant c.1342C>T in GRAMD1A gene. The variant was found segregating within the family in autosomal recessive mode and In silico analyses predicted deleterious effects of this variant on the protein function. Therefore, we suggest this novel GRAMD1A variant c.1342C>T identified in the current study as the likely cause of the epilepsy phenotype in the family EP-03. The involvement of GRAMD1A in epilepsy might be through involvement of endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane (ER-PM) transportation pathway. However, functional studies are required to explore the mechanism of pathogenesis. Families EP-02 and EP-10 were affected with autosomal dominant focal epilepsies. The family EP-02 presented with familial focal epilepsy with variable foci and the family EP-10 with lateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Both families were subjected to whole exome sequencing and the data were analyzed to find potential candidate variants that were tested for segregation in the affected families through Sanger sequencing. However, causative genetic variants were not identified in these families. Utilizing the standard Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing technology (whole exome sequencing), we were able to find the likely cause of the disease in three Pakistani families affected with different epileptic pathologies at molecular level. These included a novel missense EPM2A variant, a recurrent nonsense NHLRC1 variant and a novel missense GRAMD1A variant. Two affected families were not resolved and warrant whole genome sequencing to unravel the genetic cause underlying epilepsy phenotype in these families. These data should be helpful in molecular diagnosis and screening of carriers in the affected families.