The Indian Muslims’ Services to Afghanistan & Turkey (1901-1929)

The Paper attempts to highlight the most significant Muslim personalities of British India who rendered services and sacrifices for the cause of pan-Islamism. They travelled to the neighbouring Muslim states of Afghanistan and Turkey for the larger cause of the Muslim brotherhood, and their freedom from the colonial powers. Their visits were either in official or unofficial capacity. The personalities include; Abdur Rahman Peshawari, Zafar Hasan Aibak, Mualana Ubaidullah Sindhi. The paper argues that these personalities have visited the Muslim countries of Afghanistan and Turkey in order to support the cause of Muslim brotherhood and their peace, development, and freedom. Their way of support was in the form of diplomatic negotiation. Descriptive and analytical methods were followed for analyzation/interpretation of data collected.

Interference Aware Energy Efficient Topology Control and Routing in Selfish Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

In wireless ad hoc networks, the devices are equipped with constrained energy resources, therefore, efficient utilization of these resources is essential to prolong the operation of the network. In this thesis, we address energy efficiency problem in selfish wireless ad hoc networks and develop multiple algorithms to improve the performance of these networks. The proposed solutions establish energy efficient network topology, minimize route discovery overhead, and reduce interference in the network, which are the primary factors that degrade the performance of the wireless ad hoc network. The proposed topology control solution establishes connections among nodes using game theory such that the energy consumption of the nodes is minimized. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes during route search operation, we develop two route discovery algorithms that reduce redundant transmission of route request packets in the network. In addition, we propose an interference aware cooperative routing (IACR) protocol that minimizes the interference in the network by establishing low interference routes between source and the destination using node cooperation. As a result, improvement in network throughput and reduction in energy consumption is achieved. In order to prove the efficiency and improvement of proposed solutions, we perform extensive simulations for various network parameters and compare the results with previously proposed algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms improve the energy consumption of individual nodes during topology establishment and route discovery phase while the IACR algorithm improves the end-to-end quality of the route. The results show that the proposed solutions are better in terms of reduced energy consumption, low end-to-end delay, higher throughput, and reduced control packet overhead as compared to conventional approaches.