جدید تفسیری ادب میں بنت الشاطی کی امتیازی خدمات

Āisha bint Abdu Al-Rahmān (1913-1998), better known by her pen nickname ‘Bint Ash-Shātī’, was one of the 20th-century Egyptian exegetes (mufassirīn) of the Qur'ān who implemented the methodological approach to the interpretation of the Qur'ān introduced by her teacher, mentor and husband Amīn alKhawlī, an eminent Egyptian scholar of the Qur'ān who contributed to the Qur'ānic sciences from several important aspects. Bint Ash-Shātī continued the legacy of her teacher and published a number of works related to the discipline of the Qur'ānic sciences such as al-Tafsīr al-Bayānī li al-Qur'ān alKarīm and al-I’jāz al- Bayānī li al- Qur'ān wa Masā’īl Ibn alAzraq. She made an attempt to examine all the previous Qur'ānic exegeses. Though Bint Ash-Shātī benefited from the classical tafsīr literature in her writings, she made several critiques on the classical tafsīr literature. Because of her scholarly approach, she became a famous Qur'ānic scholar in her life and even she was awarded the King Faisal Award,  the most prestigious award in the Muslim world, in 1993 for her intellectual contributions. This paper attempts to analyze the methodological approach adopted by Bint Ash-Shātī in her works on Qur'ānic studies.

Impactof Teacher?S Classroom Behaviour on Students? Learning Atsecondaryschool Level

This study was initiated with the aim to identify the impact of a teacher?s behavior on the learning process of students in classroom. In the field of learning, the relation between a teacher and student is of notable importance. A classroom is a learning place where students spend a significant amount of their time with their teachers. Classroom is a core learning place where teacher and student come in direct contact with each other. Teacher is always an inspiration of students and his/her every action directly influences the learning process of students. A teacher can either make or destroy the life of a student. Seeing the gravity of this issue, the researcher tried to know the perception of teachers & students about what they think, how negatively or positively a teacher can affect the learning process of the students in classroom by showing changing attitudes and behaviors on different occasions. Data was compiled on a likert scale and was analyzed in crosstabs. The technique of collecting data was primary as close ended questionnaire has been distributed to 200 respondents which have been considered and collected in total through multistage sampling technique. It includes the teachers as well. This particular data collection technique assisted the researcher to target the respondents in a professional and ethical manner. The research design used in the same analysis was exploratory in which the behavior of the teachers has been analyzed in the context of the learning of the students. The results have shown that teacher?s positive behavior puts positive impact on the students, whereas, teacher?s negative behavior puts negative impacts on the students. However, strict behavior of the teachers, sometimes, brings positive results in the learning process of students. Some of the major recommendations which have been proposed in the same analysis belongs to give soft punishments in order to maintain the effectiveness in the educational place. It is also found from the recommendation section that the teachers should use polite language in the classroom and should not allow any student to use abusive language. More emphasize should be given to the training of the teachers so that they can avail the opportunity, that can help in integrating their knowledge, information and commitment. It is essential for the teachers to gain thorough understanding about the behavior, and implications of the behavior to attain high level of efficiency in the classroom. Democracy is essential, and teachers should align their behavior and should give extra commitments and effectiveness to their students so that positive behavior can be attained.