Reading comprehension skill is an essential component of English language for English language learners. It has a strong link with other skills of English language like writing, speaking and listening. It provides a base for development of these skills through comprehension fluency, critical thinking development, vocabulary enhancement and syntax. Research claims that English language teachers (ELTs) help students to develop their English reading comprehension skills by using different strategies and supplementary materials as well as the role of the teacher is vital. The aim of this study was to explore how ELTs develop English reading comprehension skills of grade 5 students in a private school in the context of Karachi, Pakistan. For this purpose two ELTs and a group of six students were selected as study participants. A qualitative research approach is used to conduct this study. Within the qualitative paradigm an exploratory case study design was used to collect data. Data were collected through various sources such as classroom observations, interviews, FGD, documents analysis and field notes. The generated data were analyzed through making codes, categories, themes and sub-themes and further analyzed in depth. The findings of the data show that the use of reading comprehension strategies, supplementary materials by ELTs and their own understanding and approach towards readings plays a key role in promoting students’ reading comprehension skills . ELTs role was found to be pivotal as a facilitator, monitor and as a guide in promoting the reading comprehension of their learners. The study is significant for teachers, teacher educators, policy makers in general and ELTs in particular to reflect on their teaching practices and to improve the existing practices further. The study recommends that ELTs need to have professional training and experience to have an understanding of accurate strategies, use of supplementary materials which is important to develop students’ RCS.
چیئر مین بھٹو شہید کی پھانسی کے بعد ڈکٹیٹر شپ کا گھٹا ٹوپ اندھیرا خوف کے گہرے سائے۔ لوگ سیاست پر بات کرتے ہو ئے ڈرتے تھے لوگ سوچتے تھے کہ چیئر مین بھٹو شہید کی پھانسی کے بعد مارشل لاء کی یہ کالی رات کبھی بھی نہ ختم ہو گی کوئی دوسرا بھٹو جنم نہ لے گا مگر پی پی پی کے جوان میدان میں اترتے ہیں چیئر مین بھٹو شہید کی پھانسی ان پر قرض تھی جسے چکا نا فرض تھا کوئی جنت کا جھانسہ نہیں ۔ صرف عشقِ بھٹو ہے ۔مارشل لاء کا سکوت ٹوٹتا ہے اور مارشل لاء کے خلاف جمہوریت کی بحالی کی تحریک شروع ہو تی ہے ۔ہزاروں کار کنان شاہی قلعہ قلعہ بالا حصار اور دیگر عقوبت خانوں میں بے پناہ ظلم و ستم اور تشدد کا نشانہ بنتے ہیں ۔جیلیں بھر جاتی ہیں ۔جدو جہد اور بھی بھر پور طریقے سے آ گے بڑھتی ہے ۔جب لمبی لمبی سزائوں سے پاکستان پی پی پی کے کارکنان خوف زدہ نہیں ہوتے ۔پھر پھانسیوں کا سلسلہ شروع ہو تاہے ۔6اور9اگست 1984ء پنجاب کے ان بہادر اور دلیر کارکنوں کو پھا نسیوں پر لٹکا دیاجا تا ہے ۔آفرین ان جیالوں پر ہمیں فخر ہے اپنے ان شہدا پر جو جب پھانسی کے لیے کوٹھڑیوں سے نکا لے جا تے ہیں تو پھانسی گھاٹ تک جیو ے جیوے بھٹو جیوے کے نعرے لگاتے ہوئے تختہ دار کو چوم جاتے ہیں ۔
6اگست1984ء عثمان غنی اور ادریس طوطی کو لاہور جیل 9اگست 1984ء کو ادریس بیگ کو راولپنڈی میں پھانسی دی گئی ۔
جیالے یہ پوسٹ اپنے کمنٹس کے ساتھ شیئر کر کے ان قربانی دینے...
The issue of signification in language is as old as man. Structuralism has changed the relation of signifier and signified. According to the modern approach language is not more than a name of cultural codes, in this way, importance has been given to the signifying system rather than meaning. In Islamic intellectual history, a group of Muslim scholars had an opinion of natural relation between word and its meaning. One of them was Abbas b. Sulaiman a Mutazali scholar. But ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamat scholars’ have different approach. In short, if we have a belief that a society gives meaning to a word then the approach to Shariah and the Quranic injunctions will be interpreted in the light of societal demands. We will have to admit the authority of time, space and society over meaning of the Quran and Sunnah which is against the teachings of Islam
Telecom sector of Pakistan has a rapid growth rate in last few years. One of the problems being faced by mobile
organizations is high rate of employees’ turnover.
This study analyzes the perception of supervisors and subordinates on job definition of mobile organizations
with relationships to turnover intent. Supervisor perception about the subordinate’s job and subordinates
perception about their job. In addition, factors which affect the relationship between two sides are also
analyzed. One hundred and ninety supervisors and subordinate employees of major mobile organizations were
surveyed. The measurement included perception of job definition, supervisors attributes on subordinates job
performance, subordinates attributes towards their job and supervisors attitude towards subordinates job
description. One hundred and sixty questionnaires were distributed to supervisors and their respective
subordinates and one hundred and forty were returned back. Univarite analysis ANOVA was used to find the
relationship of eleven hypotheses of the study. Multivariate analysis was also performed on relationship of JDPI
and tangible and in tangible satisfaction with turnover intent. Statistical package SPSS 17.0 was used.
The study and analysis discovered that there are perceptional differences between supervisors and their
respective subordinates. 55% subordinates’ think that their relationship with supervisors are not friendly and
they are overload at workplace. 69% supervisors think that subordinates take more time to perform different
tasks and give more priority to trivial matters of the job. In addition more than 50% supervisors perceive that
most of their subordinates are classic squeaky wheel that needs always greasing. Furthermore 64 %
subordinates think that they can easily adjust in any other organization, this shows their belongingness to their
organizations and it would be critical for the mobile organizations.