ہر غم ہنسی کے پیچھے چھپانے سے میں رہا
اس بار زندگی کو نبھانے سے میں رہا
دیتا بھلے ہے تیری جفا کا دھواں یہ اب
پھر بھی چراغ ِ عشق بجھانے سے میں رہا
اب ماند پڑ گئی ہیں مری سب حرارتیں
اس شخص کو تو روز منانے سے میں رہا
جن میں ہے تیرے لمس کی خوشبو بسی ہوئی
اے یار! اُن خطوں کو جلانے سے میں رہا
گر تیری شرط ہے کہ یہ حل ہوں گی اشک سے
ان مشکلوں پہ اشک بہانے سے میں رہا
ان سب اذیتوں نے تو پاگل ہی کر دیا
ہوش اپنے اب ٹھکانے پہ لانے سے میں رہا
حساسیت سے چیخ کے یہ کہہ رہا ہوں میں
گر یہ زمانہ ہے تو زمانے سے میں رہا
مانا کہ فہد ؔزندگی بھی ہے بہت کٹھن
پر آسماں تو سر پہ اُٹھانے سے میں رہا
Afghanistan is in state of war for almost 40 long years but the political dynamics got changed after 9/11. Since the war on terror started facets of peace talks launched without meaningful end. The reconciliation process in Afghanistan had immediately started after establishment of Afghan interim government in 2001. Till 2016 mid, four different reconciliation /reintegration processes were launched by the USA and Hamid Karzai government with Afghan Taliban. The new elected president Ashraf Ghani ended all such processes in 2016 but showed willingness again in 2018 for direct peace talks between USA and Taliban clerics. In the current political scenario, Afghan reconciliation process is back on track with direct peace talks between USA, Taliban and Afghan Government along other international actors. However, Taliban were not ready to sit with the Afghan Government and this is where the Pakistan played as key to Afghan peace process. The focus of this research article is to find the challenges and opportunities of this peace process; Pakistan’s role as cardinal player can consolidate the peace process in Afghanistan. Furthermore, this research will give future recommendations for the peace process in Afghanistan.
Because of its geo strategic position at the crossroad of Asia, Pakistan has gained crucial importance of playing its pivotal role in subsequent human migratory events, both prehistoric and historic. This human movement became possible through an ancient overland network of trails called “The Silk Route” linking Asia Minor, Middle East China, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. The present study was designed to investigate the control region in 500 unrelated individuals of 22 ethnic groups of the Pakistani population. In order to discourse the genetic diversity, affiliations and origin of castes of Punjab and tribes of Baluchistan, KPK and Sindh. The study revealed high genetic diversity in Pakistani population which is comparable to the other Central Asian, Southeast Asian and European populations. For this purpose Sequence analysis scrutinized, 412 haplotypes, defined by a particular set of nucleotides were found (ignoring the C insertions around position 309 and 315) in 22 ethnic groups. In spite of that 65% sequences were observed once, 11 %, twice, 8 % thrice, 5 % four time and 2.2 % five times. The most common South Asian haplotypes are observed, M 46 %, N 7 %, and R 13%, while West Eurasian haplotypes are U 18%, H 5%, J 4%, W 3% and T 2% in 22 ethnic groups. The mean number of pairwise differences were observed 5.2 ± 2.8 to 12.5 ± 6.2. A random match probability between two unrelated individuals was found between 0.01 to 0.06 %. While genetic diversity was found to be 0.991 to 0.999, with nucleotide diversity ranging from 0.0089 to 0.0142 for the whole control region in Pakistani population. The configuration of genetic variation and heterogeneity further unveiled through Multidimensional Scaling and phylogenetic analysis. The results revealed that Pakistani ethnic groups are the composite mosaic of West Eurasian ancestry of numerous geographic origin. They received substantial gene flow during different invasive movements and have a high element of the Western provenance.