Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Exploring Teachers Perceptions and Practices Regarding Formative Assessment in a Private School System in the Chitral District of Pakistan

Exploring Teachers Perceptions and Practices Regarding Formative Assessment in a Private School System in the Chitral District of Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Jafar, Muhammad

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728023174

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


This study aimed to explore the perceptions and practices of teachers regarding formative assessment (FA) in a private school system in the Chitral, district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Altogether 123 teachers participated in the study from 25 selected primary, middle and high schools. Stratified random sampling was employed for the selection of the schools and simple random sampling for the teachers from each school. Questionnaire and a classroom observation checklist were used as data collection tools. The research questionnaire was aimed to explore teachers’ perceptions associated with their understanding, practices, their opinions about the advantages of formative assessment both for the students and teachers, limitations of formative assessment and the advantages of formative assessment records. The observation checklist was administered to observe the integration of formative assessment techniques in classroom operations such as planning for the lessons, its presentation, teachers’ communication skills, evaluation, classroom activities and classroom displays. The questionnaire and classroom observation checklist were administered through direct administration by visiting the schools. The data was analyzed using SPSS 22 software to calculate the percentage of responses, mean and standard deviation. The data was tabulated after cleaning it in MS Excel. Parametric and non-parametric tests were employed for comparative analysis of responses of independent variables such as teachers’ gender, academic and professional qualification, teaching experience and participation in continuing professional development programs. The major findings of the study show that teachers have positive perceptions about formative assessment and stated that they have sound understanding of formative assessment and are competent enough to use these techniques during teaching and learning processes. It was evident from classroom observations that teachers were using formative assessment techniques efficiently; nevertheless the teachers depended on few techniques; most of the time they would use some techniques in all situations. In comparative analysis the findings of the study varied to a less extent across independent variables as a slight difference was found among the groups.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

حیات اﷲ انصاری

حیات اﷲ انصاری
افسوس ہے کہ ۱۸؍ فروری کو جناب حیات اﷲ انصاری کا انتقال ہوگیا، وہ مشہور صحافی ادیب، افسانہ نگار اور اردو تحریک کے رہنما تھے، ۱۹۱۱؁ء میں ان کی ولادت لکھنؤ میں ہوئی، فرنگی محل کے مشہور علمی و دینی خانوادے سے ان کا تعلق تھا، یہیں کے مدرسہ نظامیہ میں فارسی و عربی پڑھی اور درسیات کی تکمیل کی، اپنے والد مولانا وحیداﷲ کے انتقال کے بعد لکھنؤ یونیورسٹی سے فاضل ادب کیا۔ انٹرنس پاس کرکے علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی میں داخل ہوئے اور بی۔اے کیا۔
۳۷ء میں کانگریس کا ہفت روزہ اخبار ’’ہندوستان‘‘ ان کی ادبی و صحافتی سرگرمیوں کی جولان گاہ بنا۔ اب تو اس کا نام بھی کم ہی لوگ جانتے ہیں لیکن اس وقت کے اکثر ممتاز ادیبوں اور شاعروں کی نگارشات اس میں چھپتی تھیں، یہ ۱۹۴۲؁ء کے ہنگامی دور میں بند ہوگیا اور ۱۹۴۵؁ء میں ’’قومی آواز‘‘ جاری ہوا تو اس کی ادارت حیات اﷲ صاحب نے اس طرح سنبھالی کہ وہ اور قومی آواز لازم ملزوم سمجھے جانے لگے، وہ اس کے بانی مدیر تھے، انہوں نے اس کا معیار و وقار بہت بلند کیا اور اس کے لیے بڑی قربانیاں دیں، اس کے ذریعہ انہوں نے اردو اور مسلمانوں کی مذہبی و ثقافتی خدمت انجام دی اور ہندو مسلم فرقہ پرستی کے خلاف لڑائی بھی لڑی۔ قومی آواز کی بدولت بہت سے لوگ اچھے صحافی بن گئے، ۳۰ برس بعد ۷۵؁ء میں وہ ریٹائر ہوئے، ان کے بعد بھی یہ اخبار نکلتا رہا، مگر اب ساقی تو موجود ہیں لیکن آں قدح بشکست قومی آواز سے الگ ہونے کے بعد بھی ان کو صحافت کا چسکا لگا رہا، کچھ عرصہ تک دہلی سے ہفتہ روزہ ’’سب ساتھ‘‘ نکالا۔
اردو شروع ہی سے ان کی دلچسپی اور سرگرمی کا محور رہی، وہ زندگی بھر اس...

Computing of Personality Interference in Muslim World

With the rise of Computer Science and the Internet, in particular, the Muslim world has shifted its dynamics on an industrial scale. Whether its alternative interpretations of Islam or questions about it, the Internet has been as all new medium to reach the masses. On the other hand, social intelligence has always been considered vital for understanding and managing soft-biometric traits of a person we are communicating. So what actually is social intelligence? Although it has always been a mystery to understand how humans interact with each other and explore the world in a global era. Learning ability, perceiving ability and adaptation to a new environment are usually linked with intelligence. The ongoing research in cognitive science has increased our understanding of intelligence. According to research, it has been clarified that it is not one or two factors that are responsible for intelligence but rather there is a range of abilities to determine social intelligence.

Isolation and Characterization of Potential Anticancer Compounds from Bistorta Amplexicaulis Extracts

Cancer is a malady of uncontrolled proliferation of defected cells. Mass of irregularly divided cells might stay at one place or advances to other tissues. Many therapies for cancer are in practice including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is most extensively used method but it has severe side effects. Natural products being originated from biological resources are biological friendly and have fewer side effects so they can provide valuable template for drug development. Bistotra amplexicaulis is a famous herb used in natural therapeutics for curing many ailments especially hepatic disorders but the underlying mechanism for this activity was scientifically unexplored. The main objective was to isolate cancer chemo-preventive and/or chemotherapeutic compounds from this plant species. For initial screening of antioxidant and cytotoxic potential against HepG2 cell line, crude extract of B. amplexicaulis rhizome was prepared by using maceration technique and the percentage yield obtained was (18.72 %). Different fractions were prepared by solvent-solvent extraction of crude extract including nhexane (0.04 %), chloroform fraction (0.06 %), ethyl acetate fraction (4 %), nbutanol fraction (8 %). The capacity of plant extracts as anticancer and antioxidant was measured by employing cytotoxic assay (MTT assay) and range of antioxidant assays (DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, superoxide scavenging, hydroxyl scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay). nhexane fraction was proved as highly active against HepG2 cancer cell line in MTT assay with the higher percentage inhibition (89 %) at 20 μg/ml. The results of the antioxidant assays showed that ethyl acetate fraction was most active in DPPH radical scavenging assay, ABTS radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant assay, superoxide radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay with the IC50 values of (5.76 ± 0.03 μg/ml), (0.74 ± 0.1 μg/ml), (72.55 ± 0.09 ascorbic acid equivalents), (6.86 ± 0.19 μg/ml), (0.96 ± 0.16 μg/ml) respectively. On the basis of the above findings both n-hexane and ethyl acetate fraction were considered for isolation of active compounds. For the isolation and purification of compound from the active fractions of Bistorta amplexicaulis, fractions were subjected to normal phase open column chromatography, reverse phase open column chromatography, reverse phase low pressure liquid column chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and high pressure liquid column chromatography. One compound from n-hexane fraction and three compounds from ethyl acetate fraction were isolated. The chemical structure of these compounds were established by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy including proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) and electron spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Compound 1 with ESI-MS (m/z 284 calc. for C16H12O5); 1H NMR 400 MHz and 13C NMR100 MHz (CD3OD) was identified as 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-7-methylanthracene-9,10-dione, compound 2 with ESIMS (m/z 574 calc. for C35H58O6); NMR 400 MHz and 13C NMR 100 MHz (C5H5N) was identified as daucosterol, compound 3 with ESIMS (m/z 290 calc. for C15H14O6); NMR 400 MHz and 13C NMR 100 MHz (CD3OD) was identified as -(-) catechin, Compound 4 with ESIMS (m/z 452 calc. for C24H20O9), white powder; NMR 400 MHz and 13C NMR 100 MHz (CD3OD) known as cinchonain Ib. Finally isolated compounds were screened for cytotoxic potential against Human non-small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H1299. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SK-Hep-1 and for antioxidant potential in ABTS assay. Results indicate that compound 1 was the most potent inhibitor on SK-Hep-1 cell proliferation with 30.26 μM of IC50 value, compound 2 showed the IC50 value of 78 μM and compound 4 showed the IC50 value of 89 μM. Compound 3 was found inactive in anti cytotoxic assay. All of the compounds were also tested for their antioxidant potential in ABTS radical scavenging assay. Results showed that compound 3 had higher antioxidant potential with the IC50 value of 40 μM. This is the first report on detailed antioxidant and cytotoxic evaluation of crude extract and polarity based fractions of Bistorta amplexicaulis. This is also the first report on the establishment of protocol for the purification of two of the high market valued compounds from Bistorta amplexicaulis. Further isolation is required to find more compounds for antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. A comprehensive study on mechanism of action of compounds in in-vivo model is required. The current retail price of two of these compounds is very high so a company based on commercialization of this technology would be an industry which has the potential to create jobs in Pakistan.