Education can uplift individuals, families and nations from poverty and enable their socio-economic mobility, and for that reason, achieving universal access to education has been included in several international and national memorandums. The United Nations, in 1948, declared education a basic human right. World’s leaders came together in Dakar (2000), then in New York (2015) and set the global agenda for ensuring equitable education access for all. Generally, it is state’s responsibility to ensure education provision but sadly, the current education situation in Pakistan shows the bleak picture of government’s interventions and successes in the sector. For decades, Pakistan has faced serious challenges and setbacks to fulfill its promises on the above commitments, as around 22.6 million children are out of schools today. Non-government organizations (NGOs) have emerged as alternatives to help the government and communities to catch up and fulfill the local-global promises. Like the government, NGOs have also been contested in the literature between being solution and problem to providing affordable, relevant, quality and sustainable education to the marginalized communities. Against these local-global realities and theorizations, this qualitative case study explored how a local educational NGO, through its leaders’ thoughts and actions mobilized underprivileged communities to increase their children’s access to quality education. The study’s findings are consistent in describing NGO’s and its schools’ positive role in making education accessible. It is found that providing education access in the economically deprived, religiously fragile and politically charged conditions of rural Sindh demand more complex, creative and yet contextualized approaches. The NGO (AAS, pseudonym) and its schools considerably expanded access of quality education to the public through the clear policy-practice match in maintaining standard education, social mobilization, inclusiveness, subsidized-fee and social capacity-building projects. Apart from these, (a) the schools’ proximity, (b) excellent infrastructural facilities, (c) safe learning environment, (d) educational opportunities and (e) committed local female teachers, -- all improved access, quality, sustainability, relevance and community’s emotional engagement and advocacy of the schools. An important finding was the establishment of schools’ direct relationships with communities and individuals instead of using specially designed structures like school management committees. Community mobilization took place and sustained due to highly committed and culturally informed NGO’s and schools’ leadership. They aligned their organizational mission and policies with the contextual nuances. As a result, schools’ interventions were not seen a threat to local traditions and norms. AAS’s schools accomplishments to reach out poor families ultimately depended
افضل العلماء ڈاکٹر عبدالحق افسوس ہے افضل العلماء ڈاکٹر عبدالحق بھی پچھلے دنوں ستاون ۵۷ برس کی عمر میں راہی ملک بقا ہوگئے۔ شمالی ہند کے عوام میں توکم ہی لوگ ہوں گے جو مرحوم کوجانتے ہوں،البتہ جنوبی ہند میں ایک ایک بچّہ اُن سے واقف تھا اور مسلمان تواُن پرجان چھڑکتے تھے۔وہ جنوبی ہندکے ’’سرسید‘‘کہلاتے تھے۔ کیوں کہ انھوں نے مسلمان لڑکیوں اورلڑکوں کے سات اسکول اور کالج مدراس میں اپنی یاد گار چھوڑے ہیں۔علوم قدیمہ وجدیدہ دونوں کے مبصر عالم تھے۔پہلے کانپور کے ایک مدرسہ میں درس نظامی کی باقاعدہ تکمیل کی اوراس کے بعد انگریزی کے امتحانات کی طرف متوجہ ہوئے توآکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی سے ڈی فل کرکے ہی دم لیا۔ واپسی پرپہلے محمڈن کالج مدراس کے پروفیسر عربی اور پھر پرنسپل مقرر ہوئے، اس کے بعد مدراس کے گورنمنٹ پریسیڈنسی کالج کے پرنسپل ہوئے۔ یہاں سے پنشن لینے کے بعد مدراس کے پبلک سروس کمیشن کے ممبر اور آخر میں صدر بھی ہوگئے تھے ۔اﷲ تعالیٰ نے مرحوم کوعلمی اور عملی دونوں قسم کے کمالات سے نوازا تھا۔ علوم قدیمہ وجدیدہ کے نامور فاضل ہونے کے ساتھ صورۃً وسیرۃً نہایت راسخ العقیدہ مسلمان اورسچ مچ ایک مومن قانت تھے۔ نہایت جری اوردبنگ تھے، حق بات کے کہنے اورکرنے میں کسی کی ذرا پروا نہیں کرتے تھے۔برہان کے شروع سے خریدار اورندوۃ المصنفین کے بڑے قدردان تھے۔مسلم یونیورسٹی علی گڑھ کے کچھ دنوں پر و وائس چانسلر بھی رہے تھے۔انھیں دنوں میں کلکتہ یونیورسٹی کی ایک ضرورت سے کلکتہ تشریف لائے تو دیر ینہ تعلق کے پاس خاطر سے غریب خانہ کو بھی شرف قدوم سے نوازا۔ملاقات ہوئی اور شرف ہم طعامی بھی حاصل ہوا۔اس کے بعد مرحوم نے علی گڑھ میں مسلمان طلباء کے حقوق کے تحفظ کے سلسلہ میں جواقدامات کیے تھے وہ بڑے جوش وخروش کے ساتھ سنانے شروع کیے۔اتفاق ایسا ہوا...
It is a matter of proven fact that Islamic shairat is a complete code of life. It is comprehensive and it covers all aspects of human life which include prayers, human rights, marriage, dealings, and justice, etc. Relation between two individuals of opposite gender [known as Nikah (the marriage) ] has also been given great importance and related issues have been discussed in detail, so that man and women, when related with each other, may live their lives happily and peacefully and to remain aloof from sins. In this article it has been comprehensively discussed if after marriage a man is not capable of having sexual relations i. E., Jamah or impotency. What should a woman do? In this respect, Islamic scholars presented different opinion; some consider that Nikah (marriage) would not be void, while others consider that the husband should be given one year time for medical treatment, and if after one year he did not gain the capability, then “Nikah” would be annulled. The word ‘impotence’ has different meanings, including: object to thing, and does not want women. According to Scholars’ terminology: impotence is the inability to penetrate in sexual intercourse. The sexually impotent adult husband identifies him an appointment for a year, if he does not have intercourse, then his impotency will be proved, and his wife may annul the marriage contract. If the sexually impotent is still young, he will not have an appointment. The mad sexually impotent wife postpone as the adult sexually impotent. Castrate wife postpone reserves and retention of marriage contract.
Introduction: Subfertility affects one in six couples worldwide with devastating psychosocial consequences impacting on quality of life (QoL). Assessment of QoL and institution of appropriate interventions in subfertility patients complements clinical management by reducing the psycho-social effects of subfertility and its treatment. No local or regional data exist on impact of subfertility on QoL using a fertility-specific QoL assessment tool.
Objective: The study sought to determine the QoL of subfertile patients seeking fertility care at two urban fertility centres in Nairobi using the Fertility Quality of Life (FertiQoL) tool.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Subfertile women of reproductive age (18-49 years) and their partners attending fertility clinics were recruited. Study participants completed the self-administered FertiQoL questionnaire, an internationally validated subfertility-specific tool consisting of 36 questions each on a five-point Likert scale. It assessed QoL in four core subscales (emotional, relational, social and mind/body) and two treatment subscales (tolerability and environment) with higher scores denoting better QoL. Mean FertiQoL scores and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for the total FertiQoL and subscales. Univariate analysis was used to examine association between age, sex, education status, comorbid conditions, duration of subfertility and cause of subfertility with QoL.
Results: A total of 104 participants were recruited. The mean total FertiQoL score was 65.7 (SD=14.5). The mean Core FertiQoL score was 63.9 (SD=16.7). The emotional domain had the lowest mean score (57.5) while the relational domain had the highest mean score (72.5). Age less than 35 years was associated with lower emotional (P<0.04) and mind/body (P<0.03) scores. Previous live birth was associated with higher mind/body score (P<0.01). University education and previous pregnancy were associated with higher treatment environment (P<0.01) and treatment tolerability (P<0.005) scores respectively. Sex, cause of subfertility and type of treatment had no impact on QoL domain scores. No factor showed significant association with the total FertiQoL score.
Conclusion: Study provided baseline QoL for the study population which is similar to that seen in other regions. Age more than 35 years, university education, previous live birth and previous v pregnancy had positive impact on FertiQoL subscales. There is need to assess QoL in subfertility patients using a reliable disease-specific tool such as FertiQoL.