90. Al-Balad/The City
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
90:01
a. I swear by this City,
90:02
a. and you – O The Prophet - are a resident of this City,
90:03
a. as well as any parent and anyone born of him.
90:04
a. Indeed, WE created human being in stages of difficulty and hardship.
90:05
a. Now that he is in the midst of blessings,
b. does he think that no one will have power over him to hold him accountable?
90:06
a. For he boasts:
b. ‘I have squandered a great deal of wealth!’
90:07
a. Does he think that no one ever watches him with regard to what he has expended?
b. Indeed, Allah watches him all the time!
90:08
a. Have WE not given two eyes to him,
b. to see and recognize the truth?
90:09
a. And a tongue, and a pair of lips,
b. to speak and advocate the truth?
90:10
a. And have WE not showed him the two ways:
b. virtue and vice; good and evil?
Surah 90 * Al-Balad 737
90:11
a. Yet he makes no attempt to the steep/uphill way, i.e., good, virtue.
90:12
a. And what will enable you to comprehend the steep/uphill way?
90:13
a. The setting free of the neck from the burden of bondage or debt,
90:14
a. or, giving food at the time of one’s hunger/impoverishment,
90:15
There are different theories about languages in the world. Linguistics provided different views on the origin of different languages. The Punjabi language is a one of the oldest languages in the world. According to my view, its origin is Dakan, Punjab, Sind etc. This article explores the effects of the Harappan Era on the Punjabi language. Historical references have been made to prove that the language of Harappa was ancient Punjabi.
This research study on the topic of “Developing reading skills of learners through effective English language teaching (ELT) method at the graduate level in the University of Sindh” is a descriptive type of research. The problem of developing reading skills is the most crucial and fundamental for learners at the graduate level because they can not fully comprehend the texts/materials, prescribed at syllabi/courses of Remedial English and English Compulsory. These texts/materials are not appropriate for the purpose to develop reading skills of learners. Moreover, the English Language Teaching methods in practice such as Grammar Translation Method and Lecture Method are also unsuitable to develop reading skills of learners. Hence developing reading skills of learners through effective English Language Teaching (ELT) Method is crucial and researchable. There are independent (cause or input) and dependent (effect or output) variables and strong co-relation between them. This research study consists of six chapters. The first chapter deals with the Statement of the problem, Objectives, Rationale and Scope of the study etc. The second chapter discusses and presents Review of related literature and framing a hypothesis. The third chapter deals with research methodology into the problem. The fourth chapter consists of Data collection, Sources of data and Treatment of data etc. The fifth chapter of comprises of Descriptive and Inferential analysis of data. The sixth chapter comprises of Research Report, Recommendations /Suggestions and Conclusion. Consequently, the data collected is analysed quantitatively and qualitatively that shows the similar outcomes. The objectives of the research are achieved and the hypothesis is accepted. Keeping in view, the findings of this research it is recommended that reading skills of learners should be developed through Repeated Reading Method at the graduate level in the University of Sindh. It is suggested that sample reading texts/materials according to the needs, levels and backgrounds etc of learners may be prepared and approved by the competent authority of the University. However, this research suggests for further research into the problem.