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Home > Comparison of Image Quality in High Pitch Free Breathing Versus Standard Pitch Breath-Holding Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography.

Comparison of Image Quality in High Pitch Free Breathing Versus Standard Pitch Breath-Holding Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography.

Thesis Info

Author

Ombati, Kevin Onyinkwa

Department

Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology (East Africa)

Program

MMed

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Medicine

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728040433

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Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common acute cardiovascular disease. Missed diagnosis is responsible for most preventable deaths associated with PE. Artefacts from cardiac and breathing motion are a main pitfall. Advances in Computed Tomographic imaging have enabled rapid imaging in an attempt to overcome these pitfalls. Objective: To compare image quality when using high pitch free breathing versus standard pitch breath holding Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) using a dual source scanner. Methods: This was a randomised control trial whereby patients referred to the radiology department for CTPA examination for suspected pulmonary embolism were randomly selected into two arms: Arm A underwent the standard CTPA protocol using a pitch of 1.2 with breath-holding instructions while those in arm B underwent the examination using a pitch of 3.2 with quiet free breathing. Two blinded reviewers subjectively assessed the image quality while a single blinded reviewer recorded objective image parameters. The primary endpoint was to demonstrate non-inferiority of high pitch free breathing CTPA. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency (percentage). For calculation of statistically significant differences between both groups, Chi-square test was performed to assess categorical variables and t test for continuous variables. P-values of ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Cohen kappa testing was used to assess the degree of agreement between the 2 independent readings, with results expressed in terms of kappa statistics and proportional agreement. Results: A total of 112 patients were randomly selected into the two arms of the study. The patients in the high pitch group received a lower mean radiation dose compared to those in the standard pitch group (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean main pulmonary artery attenuation between the two groups (P=0.215). There was no significant difference in the qualitative analysis of the images between the two groups. Inter reader agreement for the subjective measurements ranged from moderate to almost perfect agreement between the 2 independent readers. Conclusion: Main pulmonary artery contrast opacification in high pitch CTPA is non-inferior to standard pitch CTPA using a dual source 256 slice scanner. High pitch dual source CTPA can be performed on all patients with no compromise on the image quality and with the added advantage of reduction in the radiation dose.
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۵۶۔ مجبور

مجبور

وقت کے نازک لمحوں میں

 ہم دونوںبہت قریب تھے

 پرایک دوجے کے دل سے بہت ہی دور

اس پر بھی بلا کی خاموشی طاری تھی

میں بھی بولنے سے عاری تھا

 دونوں اپنی اپنی انا کے ہاتھوں مجبورتھے

Obligingness to Leadership: A Case Study of the Qur’an

We can divide human beings into two categories: Leaders and Followers. Leaders are a few, the rest of the overwhelming majority of the human beings are followers. They show an earnest tendency of following or obligingness towards their leaders. This capacity of the following is exploited and abused by the egoist and toxic leaders to bring destruction to their followers and the world. The author of the paper tries to explore and determine the motives of obligingness or complaisance of blind following. The author studies this phenomenon in the light of theories of the hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow, The Situational Factor by Philip Zimbardo, the Function of Labeling by Albert Bandura and Ego Depletion by Michael Cholbi. These theories have earned good acceptance from the experts. The theories are found helpful to understand the mentality of leaders and their followers as described by the Qur’ān. These theories are applied to some selected cases from the Qur’ān to reach a better understanding of the phenomenon. The Qur’ān at many places describes and discusses this human tendency. It presents dialogue between the leaders and their blind followers in the life hereafter, the person of Pharaoh, his maneuvering, his courtiers, the common people of Egypt, the followers of pagan chieftains and their opposition to the prophets give us ample description to know how blind following actually works under the influence of leadership. The author hopes that this study helps understand the mentality of the present day leaders and their blind or complaisant followers.

عبدالحلیم شرر کی غیر افسانوی نثر تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ

This thesis has been divided into seven chapters. Definition and difference between novel and non-fiction prose has been deliberated upon in the first chapter. Story, novel, drama and tale are part of non-fiction prose. And remaining all kinds like, Seerat, biography, subjects, diction thesis, history, journalism, books etc. are included in non-fiction prose. In retrospect, political and social aspects have also been highlighted so as to ascertain the events and circumstances that led Sharer to write non-fiction prose. Certain movements have been mentioned to identify their effects on Sharer's skills. Topics like beginning of Sharer's literary life and his abilities are also included in the first chapter. Second chapter deals with Abdul Haleem Sharer as a biographer. Commencement and evolution of biography and research and critical analysis of Sharer's biography has been carried out in this chapter. Third chapter discusses Sharer as an essay, composition and dialogue writer. Beginning and evolution of essay and composition and Sharer's relating skills have been researched and analyzed. Distinctiveness in essay writing, dialogue writing, composition writing, the topics and writing style of Sharer has also been evaluated. Sharer has been a great historian and critics. A study of history writing is an art. Motives and objectives of Abdul Haleem Sharer's historical writings and history books written by him have been analyzed in depth. His rank and standing amongst the contemporary historians have also been discussed in the fourth chapter. Fifth chapter relates to Sharer as a journalist. Beginning and evaluation of journalism, Sharer's life as a journalist and research and analysis of various papers & periodicals has been carried out. Discussion on Sharer's standing in Urdu journalism has been discussed here. Sharer's style and protocol as a book writer is quite persuasive. Evolution of letter writing has been briefly touched upon in chapter six. Sharer's letters, topics of effects letters on his personality in the light of these letters, its significance etc. have been included in this chapter. Seventh, the last chapter summarizes Sharer's contribution towards Urdu literature. Beyond doubt, Sharer's contributions can be termed as consecration in the realm of literary circles.