Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Genotypes and Their Association With Cephalosporin Susceptibility in Community Acquired Enterobacteriaceae Infections

Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases Genotypes and Their Association With Cephalosporin Susceptibility in Community Acquired Enterobacteriaceae Infections

Thesis Info

Author

Maina, Daniel W.

Department

Pathology (East Africa)

Program

MMed

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Medicine

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728043908

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Background: Infections caused by Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) producing enterobacteriaceae have become a global problem. Initially confined to the hospital set-up, they are increasingly being reported in the community. These infections are often resistant to a wide variety of B- lactams including extended spectrum cephalosporins, with clinical and epidemiological implications for healthcare systems and necessitate surveillance measures based on local data. Local information on the genotypes of ESBLs and their association with cephalosporin resistance in community acquired ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates is scanty, hence the need for this study. Aim: To detect ESBLs genotypes and correlate these with susceptibility to cephalosporins among ESBL producing Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) isolates acquired in the community. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 52 ESBL producing bacterial isolates chosen through consecutive sampling were analyzed for ESBLs genotypes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis. The isolates were from various clinical specimens submitted in the outpatient setting. The genotypes of interest were SHV, CTX-M, and TEM. Cephalosporin susceptibility was determined by Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using E-tests and classified into three categories; sensitive, intermediate, and resistant. I also determined association between the genotypes and MICs categories. Results:Forty six (88.5%) of the isolates expressed CTX-M, 13(25%) had SHV, and 18(34.6%) had TEM. Nineteen (36.5%) isolates had more than one genotype. Urine specimens provided most of the ESBL producing isolates (71%) followed by respiratory specimens (11%). The MICs for the cepharosporins were elevated with MIC50 for cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone being 60ug/ml, 13ug/ml, and 139ug/ml, respectively. There was a statistically significant association (p-value= 0.017) between SHV genotype and resistance to Ceftazidime. Though other trends could be discerned between the remaining genotypes and susceptibility profiles of the three dugs, they were not statistically significant. Interpretation and conclusion: CTX-M is the predominant ESBL genotype in community acquired Enterobacteriaceae infections, majority of which tend to be urinary tract infections.Though the presence of ESBL genes resulted in elevated MICs for the cephalosporins, only the SHV genotype could predict resistance to Ceftazidime. This information of the genotypes present in our locality could form a basis for surveillance of ESBL spread and antibiotic resistance in community isolates.
Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

بے رُخی اس قدر بھی ٹھیک نہیں

بے رُخی اس قدر بھی ٹھیک نہیں
تیری برہم نظر بھی ٹھیک نہیں

جو ڈگر دور پیار سے کر دے
جانِ من وہ ڈگر بھی ٹھیک نہیں

آپ رہتے ہیں بے خبر ہم سے
رہنا یوں بے خبر بھی ٹھیک نہیں

ایک ہی در سے ٹھیک ہے نسبت
پھرنا یوں در بہ در بھی ٹھیک نہیں

دلِ ناداں تو ضبط بھی کر لے
ہر گھڑی چشمِ تر بھی ٹھیک نہیں

جو سفر کی نہ تلخیاں بانٹے
وہ تو پھر ہم سفر بھی ٹھیک نہیں

تنگدستی بھی ہے بُری تائبؔ
کثرتِ مال و زر بھی ٹھیک نہیں

دینی مدارس پر انتہا پسندی اور دہشت گردی کے الزامات: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

"An analysis of the allegations of extremism and terrorism against religious institutions (Madrasas)". The priceless services done by the religious scholars for the preservation and uplift of religious and Islamic values in the subcontinent are indelible and unforgettable chapter of history. They geared up progress of religious institutions and the tilt of people towards them of the increasingly charming trend. The Heathen world is afraid of the emerging strongholds of Islam. The repercussions of this trend on society are becoming more and more prominent with the march of time. They are striving for the preservation and identity of the Islamic characteristics. After 9/11 incidents, the west is unable to understand how to detach the religious institutions from the embedded Islamic social integrity. The western media and foreign funded rulers have been endeavoring hard to defame religious institutions through there venomous propaganda against them. All this is visible to everyone. There is no parallel of the religious institutions educational boards (Wafaqs) in and outside the country even no such example is present in the whole Islamic world as well as in the subcontinent. Besides other baseless allegations, religious institutions are branded as terrorists and extremists. The west and America are much worried about the Islamic educational institutions and the Holy war (Jihad). The article encompasses the opinions of the regious as well as secular apostles. In a nutshell, all the allegations of extremism and terrorism are not only baseless but just a propaganda.

Evaluation of Pyeloplasty Among Children With Pelvouretric Junction Stenosis at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan

Introduction: PUJO is one the most common pathology in paediatric urology. It is the most common cause of Hydronephrosis that may progress to irreversible damage to the kidney if not resolved. Aim: The study is to evaluate outcome of pyeloplasty and find out the association of demographic characteristics and clinical factor on outcome of pyeloplasty among children at FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan. Methodology: A hospital based retrospective Case Series study design was conducted at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan. Records of 150 participants who were admitted at surgery department under diagnosis of UPJO reviewed from first January, 2010 till last December 2015, among them 110 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria enrolled in the study. Chi square, one way ANOVA and paired t- test were run to determine the association of factors with outcome of Pyeloplasty. Results: Our study findings have identified that among 110 patients, 90 (88.1%) were males. Most of patients had problem on left side 79 (71.8%), right kidney in 23 (20.9%) and bilateral involvement in 8 (7.3%), all except one who diagnosed prenatally were diagnosed in postnatal period. The diagnostic tools used in this study were US and IVU. The most common complaints reported were flank pain 45.5%. Around 9 (8%) of patients had associated anomaly; most common obstructive cause were narrow ureter 86 (78.1%). Urinary tract infection was identified in 13 (11.8) patients. Hydronephrosis grading was according SFU grading system as Grade 1 (1) grade 2 (13) Grade 3 (58) and grade 4 (44) patients. Out of 110 patients, 90 had undergone Pyeloplasty procedure, while 20 patients with complete destroyed kidney had undergone nephrectomy. Patients were divided into two groups (< 2 years and > 2 years) according to their age. The follow up modality were US parameters (anteroposterior diameter of pelvis and percentage of improvement in pelvis diameter. PI more than 15 was considered as successful outcome. The overall success rate of Pyeloplasty procedure was 82%. This study revealed the factors that affect the outcome of Pyeloplasty included: degree of hydronephrosis before operation and presence or absence of UTI. Conclusion: UPJO is one of the most common pathology in paediatric urology; in chronic case, it may progress to irreversible damage of kidneys, Aarly operation causes better outcome, as this study finds out, it improves the renal function, which approved this finding by improved in creatinine clearance level. Perusing international literature