Home > Effect of Video-Based Information on Pre-Operative State Trait Anxiety Inventory Scores in Adult Patients Presenting for Elective Caesarean Section
Effect of Video-Based Information on Pre-Operative State Trait Anxiety Inventory Scores in Adult Patients Presenting for Elective Caesarean Section
Background: Preoperative anxiety is a common occurrence in patients presenting for surgery with a reported incidence of up to 80%. Higher incidences have been reported in the female population and in the obstetric population compared to general surgical patients. Increased preoperative anxiety has been associated with increased anaesthetic requirements, a more turbulent immediate postoperative course, poor patient satisfaction, protracted hospital stays, and poorer surgical outcomes. Provision of information relating to surgery and anaesthesia to patients has been proven to have benefit in allaying anxiety. However, the best format of information dissemination remains unknown and especially so targeting a specific patient population. Objective: The primary objective was to determine the effect of video information in addition to the pre-anaesthetic review on the mean preoperative STAI-S score in adult patients presenting for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia at AKUHN. Secondary objectives were to determine the prevalence of preoperative anxiety in the obstetric population presenting for elective caesarean section at AKUHN as well as to determine the effect of age, level of education, parity and exposure to previous anaesthetic on preoperative anxiety. Study design: A randomized control trial. Study setting: Aga Khan University Hospital- Nairobi, Anaesthesia clinic. Study population: Adult patients presenting for elective caesarean section. Sample size: A target sample size of 36 patients,18 patients per arm, calculated to detect an 8.85 points difference in mean STAI-S scores from baseline between the two arms. Randomization: Computer-generated random numbers in sealed envelopes. Inclusion criteria: Adult patients booked for elective caesarean section reviewed in the clinic who had consented for spinal anesthesia. Exclusion criteria: Previous spinal anaesthetic, unable to read or write, poor eyesight, non- English speaking, high risk pregnancies, use of psychotropics, history of psychiatric illness. Data collection: Demographic data were collected using a data collection tool, and cumulative STAI S and T scores were recorded from filled questionnaires as per the accompanying manual. Data analysis: Continuous data were described in terms of means with standard deviation, and percentages as appropriate. Comparison of means was done using Student’s t and paired sample t tests. Fisher’s exact test was used to investigate the association of the independent factors and the anxiety scores. Results: 37 patients were randomized in this study. The mean STAI-T score in the sampled population was 45.64 (SD 5.625). The mean baseline STAI-S score was 46.32 (SD 4.911). There was no statistically significant difference in change in STAI score between
In the context of blasphemy issue, the present study examines the socio-cultural elements in the Moral Ethics syllabi functional at the different universities of Pakistan. As per our hypothesis, ME syllabi lack some important socio-cultural elements responsible for handling hate crimes, especially the issue of blasphemy. For testing the proposed hypothesis, available ME syllabi were collected from the official websites of different universities. Collected ME syllabi were examined through the method of content analysis. After examining literature review, necessary socio-cultural factors (SCFs) were listed and the selected syllabi were evaluated through this list of SCFs. Our study findings endorse the primary hypothesis that majority of universities has adopted the foreign model of ME syllabi without adapting them according to indigenous social and cultural needs. Additionally, the most important SCFs; knowledge of blasphemy laws (KBL) and real-life dilemmas (RLD), are mostly absent in the existing ME syllabi.
A Study of Some Aspects of Topologized Groups A topological group is a mathematical object along with algebraic and topological structures. In this thesis our motivation is to study topological properties in the presence ofalgebraic structure particularly when the mappings are not continuous. It is a common question in topological algebra that how the relationship between topological properties depends upon the underlying algebraic structure. It is noticed that weaker the restriction in between algebraic structure and topology are, the larger is the class we obtain. Since we have weakened the condition of continuity and replaced it with the weaker form that is semi continuity and irresolute mapping and resultantly obtained s-(S-, Irresolute, Irr-) paratopologized or topologized groups. The purpose of this thesis is to give a mostly self contained study of s-(S-, Irresolute, Irr-) paratopologized or topologized groups. It is shown that every irresolute paratopological group is Irr-paratopological group as well as s-topological group. Every paratopological groups is s-paratopological group as well as S-paratopological group, and every Irr- paratopological group is S-paratopological group. Counter examples are given to show that such paratopological groups are generalized forms of the corresponding topologized groups. We have also defined and studied quasiboundedness of irresolute paratopological groups and s-paratopological groups. New notions- quasi bounded and - quasi bounded homomorphisms are introduced and discussed. In Chapter number six, we have defined semi-quotient mappings which are stronger than semi continuous mappings. Various interesting and important results on semi-quotients of paratopologized groups are proved. We have also studied semi connectedness for topologized groups.