نعت ِ رسولِ مقبول صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہٖ وسلم
جمال اُن کا جہاں کے جمال سے اعلیٰ
کمال اُن کا جہاں کے کمال سے اعلیٰ
مرے حضور کی کوئی مثال کیا دے گا
کہ یہ وہ ذات ہے جو ہے مثال سے اعلیٰ
درودِ پاک کو میں نے بنا لیا ہے ڈھال
ہے کوئی ڈھال بھلا میری ڈھال سے اعلیٰ
نماز کون پڑھے گا حسین سے افضل
اذان کون پڑھے گا بلال سے اعلیٰ
کہ میں نے عشقِ محمد کی اوڑھ لی ہے شال
دکھائے شال کوئی میری شال سے اعلیٰ
خدائے ارض و سما جس پہ خود درود پڑھے
تو کون ہو گا پھر اُس خوش خصال سے اعلیٰ
وہ ایک لمحہ جو گزرا کبھی مدینے میں
وہ ہے بہشت کے ہر ماہ و سال سے اعلیٰ
وہ خوش نصیب ! مدینے کی خاک جس کو ملی
کہ خاکِ شہرِ مدینہ ہے لعل سے اعلیٰ
میں وصف گلشنِ احمد کے کیا بیان کروں
ہر ایک ڈال ہے ہر ایک ڈال سے اعلیٰ
مرے حضور کی فرقت میں جو بھی اشک بہے
ہیں دو جہان کے مال و منال سے اعلیٰ
جہان بھر میں ہے تائبؔ فقط اُنھی کا در
عطا ہے جس کی ہمیشہ سوال سے اعلیٰ
Islamic Fiqh is the representative of legal aspect of Islam. It has been originated and established on direct teachings of Qur’an and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW). These two sources are called primary sources of Islamic law. There are some supplementary sources to the primary sources; Istihsan (Juristic Preference) is one of these. Orinetalist’s studied and produced literature on Islamic law. Istihsan has also been discussed by them but they have different opinions about its origin and its role in Islamic law. In this article their opinions are being critically analyzed and the definition, role and types of Istihsan being presented according to Muslim’s viewpoint. This research concluded that the Goldziher, Joseph Schacht, MicDonald, David Pearl, and Benjamin Jokisch explanations about the establishment of Isti╒san are not correct.
Heavy metalsviz Pb (Lead), Fe (Iron), Cr (Chromium), Cd (Cadmium), Cu (Copper) and Ni (Nickel) were analysed in the three highly consumed fish S. sarwari, L. calbasu, C. carpio at T.S link canal (comes from Trimmu Head works to Sidhnai Head works, feed by River Chanab) . The water of the River Chanab is polluted due to industrial revolution around it which affects aquatic life. Due to the release of unprocessed waste water into the Chanab River by the districts and industries settled along the River Chanab consequent the pollution in rivers water and also affect its aquatic life. The results revealed that the temperature was 17.31?0.26 in winter and 23.26?0.71 in summer season. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was 3.14?0.41 in winter and 4.82?0.65 in summer. The pH value in winter was 6.42?0.04 and 7.81?0.02 in summer Carbon Dioxide (CO2) level was low in winter and high in summer.BOD and DO are contrary to each other.Further, heavy metals concentration in water were in order of Fe>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cu and Fe>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cu in bank and main stream water in winter and summer seasons respectively. Heavy metals trend in sediments was Fe>Pb>Cr>Cd>Ni>Cu and Fe>Pb>Cr>Cd>Ni>Cu in bank and main stream in winter and summer season respectively. The accumulation trend of heavy metals in fish?s organs was (S. sarwari ) Gills> Liver> Kidneys> Muscles and fish L.calbasu has accumulation trend Liver> Gills> Kidneys> Muscles, whilethe fish C.carpio accumulation trend was Liver> Gills> Kidneys> Muscles during summer season. The accumulation trend in fish organs is slightly different in both seasons.