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Peripheral Arterial Disease in Hiv Positive and Negative Subjects at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi

Thesis Info

Author

Kaittany, Farida

Department

Internal Medicine (East Africa)

Program

MMed

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Medicine

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728058036

Similar


Aim: To determine the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) amongst HIV positive patients and HIV negative subjects and associated risk factors at Aga Khan Hospital Nairobi Design:Cross-sectional descriptive study Patients and Setting:A group of 125 HIV positive and 120 HIV negative subjects aged between 40 – 70 years were included in the study. HIV negative subjects were sampled from HIV positive patients attending the HIV outpatient clinic while HIV negative subjects were sampled from blood donor unit at theAga KhanUniversityHospital. Methodology: Two separate convenient samples were selected for the study. The first sample was a group of 125 HIV positive subjects aged between 40 -70 years attending the HIV outpatient clinic. The second sample was a group of 120 HIV negative subjects aged between 40 – 70 years selected from the blood donor unit. All subjects underwent clinical evaluation and measurement of ankle brachial index (ABI). A questionnaire was also administered to all subjects. Analysis was then performed to determine the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease and for the risk factors contributing to PAD in the two populations. Results: The prevalence of PAD in the HIV study population was 19.2% and in the HIV negative population was 7.5%. In the bivariate analysis, diabetes was the only predictor of PAD amongst the HIV negative group while in the HIV positive group, the log-viral load and low CD4 count were the only statistically significant predictors of PAD. In the multivariate analysis, factors that were significantly associated with PAD in the HIV negative group were: diabetes [OR 13 (2.5 – 76.1)] and smoking-pack-years [OR 1.09 (1.01 – 1.19)]. However in the HIV positive group, body mass index [OR 1.15(1.03 -1.29)], hypertension [OR 3.3 (1.01-10.8)] and CD4 count [OR 0.995 (0.992-0.998)] were the significant associations. Conclusion:Prevalence of PAD in the HIV population was higher than has been reported in both the general population and in the HIV negative population in this study.
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ڈاکٹر خاں

ڈاکٹرخاں
پاکستان میں ڈاکٹرخاں صاحب کا دردانگیز واقعۂ شہادت ایک ایسا سانحۂ عظیم ہے کہ شرافت وانسانیت اُس کا جس قدر بھی ماتم کرے کم ہے۔مرحوم ہندوستان کی جنگ آزادی کے صفِ اول کے سپاہی اورمجاہد تھے۔اس راہ میں انھوں نے کامل عزم واستقلال اور ہمت وجوانمردی کے ساتھ جوسختیاں جھیلی ہیں اورپٹھانوں میں جو ڈسپلن اورضبط ونظم پیداکیا ہے وہ ان کے کردار اورصفتِ قیادت کاآئینہ دارہے۔مرحوم صرف جنگ آزادی کے مردِ میدان ہی نہیں تھے۔ بلکہ ایک مثالی حکمراں بھی تھے۔سادگی ،خلوص ودیانت ،محنت وجفاکشی،حق پسندی وعدل گستری،بے لوث خدمتِ بنی نوع انسان ۔ان صفات وکمالات کے باعث پاکستان کی سیاست کے موجودہ دور اختلال وانتشار میں تنہا ایک مرحوم کی ذات تھی جن کوعوام کااعتماد حاصل تھااورجن کے خلوص ودیانت پربڑے سے بڑا سیاسی مخالف بھی حرف گیری نہیں کرسکتا تھا۔اﷲ تعالیٰ آں مرحوم کومغفرت وبخشش کی نعمتوں سے نوازے اوران کے مراتب بلند کرے۔[جون ۱۹۵۸ء]

 

Study of Pragmatic Losses in the English Translation of Surah Al Ikhlas: A Comparative Pragma-Linguistic Analysis

The comprehension of the message of the Holy Qur’ān is obligatory for the whole of humanity which is revealed in the Arabic language. Scholars all over the world, Muslims as well as non-Muslims have devoted their best efforts to translate the word of Allah Almighty in different languages of the world, although absolute translation is not possible. These translations from Arabic to other languages of the world result into pragmatic losses. Small wonder, these pragmatic losses cause problems in the process of understanding the actual message of the Holy Qur’ān enshrined in the source text. This study was conducted to analyze the pragmatic losses in the English translations of Sūrah Ikhlāṣ (chapter 112) through a comparative pragma-linguistic analysis. Three different translations have been selected for the study. A comparative and critical study of these translations has established the presence of certain pragmatic losses which are likely to bear upon the comprehension of the reader in more than one way. To the researchers, the presence of these losses calls for the greater sensitivity towards and understanding of the pragmatic aspects of interlingual translation, specifically for a text which in its primordial form was intended to be a Speech (Kalām). To retain the pragmatic value and meaning of the source text become all the more paramount when the text translated is sacred one with its own canonical conventions and discursive norms.

دراسة تقابلیة بین عنترة بن شداد العبسی و خوشحال خان ختک فی شعر الحب

The title of this research thesis is "The comparative study of the love poems of Antra bin Shadad and Khushal Khan khattak". The thesis highlights aspects of their lives, careers, genres, themes, thoughts and sentiments of their poetry. The article is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1: Definition of poetry. The history of the Arabic and Pushto poetry. * Love poems in the perspective of Arab and Pushtun societies. Chapter 2: Life sketch and achievements of Antra and Khushal. Chapter 3: The genres and themes of their poetry. Analysis of their thoughts, sentiments and their emphasis on morality, bravery, patience, fortitude, hardwork and patriotism. Emphasis on self-realisation instead of self abnegation. Iqbal’s philosophy of the self is based on Khushal's focus on self-realisation. Chapter 4: The comprative study of Antra and Kushal's love poems. An indepth analysis of their art of poetry. Highlights of standards and normsin the critical appreciation of their poetry.