مولانا لطف اﷲ صاحب کی وفات
در روزگار عشق تو ماہم فدا شدیم افسوس کز قبیلۂ مجنون کسے نماند
قدیم عربی مدارس کے در و دیوار اگرچہ ظاہری شان و شوکت کے لحاظ سے روز بروز بلند ہوتے جاتے ہیں، لیکن جھک کے دیکھتے ہیں تو سنگ بنیاد متزلزل نظر آتا ہے، ہماری قدیم تعلیم و تربیت کی جو یادگاریں، ان مدارس کا اساس تھیں، ایک ایک کرکے مٹ گئیں، ایک مولوی لطف اﷲ صاحب مرحوم رہ گئے تھے لیکن ۱۸؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۱۶ء کو صرصرفنانے ہماری علمی انجمن کے اس چراغ کو بھی گل کردیا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مولوی لطف اﷲ صاحب مرحوم میں قدیم تعلیم و تربیت کی تمام خصوصیات باکمل وجوہ موجود تھیں، علم اخلاق، اور مذہب قدیم تعلیم و تربیت کا مایہ خمیر تھا، اور انہی محاسن کی بناء پر ہمارے علماء قوم میں عزت، رسوخ اور اثر پیدا کرتے تھے، مولوی لطف اﷲ صاحب مرحوم کی ذات میں نہ صرف یہ محاسن جمع ہوگئے تھے، بلکہ وہ ان اوصاف میں عموماً اپنے اقران و اماثل میں ممتاز کیے جاتے تھے۔
اشاعت علم خالصۃً لوجہ اﷲ ہمیشہ ہمارے علماء کا تمغۂ امتیاز رہا ہے اور مولوی لطف اﷲ صاحب مرحوم نے اپنی عمر کا ایک کافی حصہ اس نیک کام میں صرف کیا، ہندوستان میں آج جس قدر علمی سلسلے قائم ہیں، اور جو علماء آج مسندنشین درس و تدریس ہیں، ان میں اکثر ایسے ہیں جنھوں نے مولوی لطف اﷲ صاحب مرحوم کے خرمن فیض کی خوشہ چینی کی ہے۔لیکن اﷲ تعالیٰ نے دولت دنیا سے بھی مولوی صاحب مرحوم کو کافی حصہ عطا فرمایا تھا، وہ ریاست حیدرآباد میں بمشاہرہ ایک ہزار مدتوں افتاء کی خدمت انجام دیتے رہے، لیکن...
In Islamic Sharia, the usury is prohibited while the trade has been allowed. This ruling is very clear and transparent in sources of Sharia. From the emergence of Islam many means of financing have been continuing which have got new shapes and names in modern ages. Among these contracts, one is sale in installments. This type of transaction is a part of modern financing in which the object is sold on the condition of payments in installments. The price of the object remains more than the cash payment. This concept has been discussed by the jurists and they have presented their different views about the sale in installments. In Islamic Sharia, the usury is prohibited while the trade has been allowed. This ruling is very clear and transparent in sources of Sharia. From the emergence of Islam many means of financing have been continuing which have got new shapes and names in modern ages. Among these contracts, one is sale in installments. This type of transaction is a part of modern financing in which the object is sold on the condition of payments in installments. The price of the object remains more than the cash payment. This concept has been discussed by the jurists and they have presented their different views about the sale in installments.
This study focuses on the use of pPortfolio as a tool in assessing students' English writing skills in a non-native English language context. The current assessment system in schools does not assess students' on-going development of English writing skills and leads to rote memorization and test anxiety. Portfolios provides the environment to learn without having the fear attached to tests or examination situation, as students get feedback at multiple stages. With that, portfolio assessment meets the purpose of assessment for students' learning. This study applied qualitative research paradigm while adopting an action research model in order to implement portfolio assessment in the school. Purpose sampling was done, with Grade Eight class being the senior most class of the school; and thus, they were more expressive and had better writing skills. Data for the portfolio was collected via students' samples of story writing, self and peer-evaluated work, reflections and teacher's feedback. Other method of extracting data was by interviews, observations and reflective writing. The students' work in their portfolio was analyzed at the end through an assessment rubric.
The findings revealed that introducing the students to portfolio assessment increased their knowledge towards producing better work via peer/group learning, and they were able to monitor their own progress via reflections. The students also learnt about different assessment strategies (self and peer assessment) and dealt with the challenges they faced during the process. The implication that resulted from this research was that portfolio development process increased the workload of the students and completion of the portfolios took a lot of time. For that purpose, careful planning of different strategies and materials were modeled. However, the advantages for portfolios are envisaged to be more than the challenges; and thus, portfolios are recommended as a useful learning tool for assessing on-going development of students' English writing skills.