Background:Breast cancer is characterized by late presentation and significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries.Breast screening aids in early detection of breast cancer. The nursing health worker is uniquely placed to provide advocacy and screening in a resource limited environment.
Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of an abbreviated training program in breast cancer awareness on nurses at a tertiary hospital, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi.
Methods: Using a statistical tool, the Solomon Model, 79 nurses were identified and divided into experimental and control groups. An abbreviated training intervention in breast cancer awareness was administered to the experimental group. Pre and post test questionnaires and objective structured clinical examinations were used to determine nurses’ knowledge and practice skills before and after the abbreviated training intervention.
Results: Initial scores of knowledge and practice skills related to clinical breast examination were low: Mean knowledge scores of 18 out of 25(72%) and mean practice scores of 12.5 out of 30(41.6%). Significant improvement was observed following the abbreviated training intervention in both knowledge and practice skills. Knowledge scores of 22 out of 25( 88%, p = < 0.001) and practice scores of 26 out of 30(86.6%, p=0.003).
Trained nurses were able to improve their knowledge of breast cancer from fair to good knowledge.
Conclusion: There is need to increase breast awareness, both in terms of knowledge and practice skills, innursing health care workers as a means of improving awareness among the general population andearly detection of breast cancer. An abbreviated training in breast cancer awareness can improve these skills in nurses.
کائنات کے نظام کا مطالعہ کرنے سے پتہ چلتا ہے کہ یہاں کسی چیز کے لئے کبھی ہمیشگی نہیں ہے، سب کی ایک عمر مقرر ہے وہ اپنی عمر مکمل کرنے کے بعد ختم ہوجاتی ہے، اس کائنات کو کمال درجہ حکمت سے بنایا گیا ہے جس کی ہر شئے میں ایک قانون کار فرما ہے۔ دنیا میں نیکی و بدی، ظلم و عدل اور تعمیر و تحریک کرنے کے بعد مٹی میں مل جانا یہ حقیت نہیں ہے بلکہ ہر اچھائی اور برائی کا بدلہ ضرور ملے گا۔
حافظ عمران ایوب لاہوری اپنی کتاب ’’آخرت کی کتاب‘‘ میں لکھتے ہیں کہ:
"آخرت ان تمام امور کا نام ہے جو مرنے کے بعد انسان کو پیش آئیں گے آخرت کے لیے کہا گیا ہے کہ یہ دنیا کے بعد آنے والی ہے آخرت پر ایمان پر قائم ان میں سے ایک اہم رکن ہے کہ جب تک آخرت کے متعلق اللہ تعالی کی بتلائی ہوئی ہر خبر پر دل ایسا مطمئن نہ ہو جائے کہ کسی قسم کا شک و شبہ باقی نہ رہے تب تک ایمان بالآخرت کا حصول ممکن نہیں اور ایسا اعتقاد رکھنے والا ہی حقیقی مومن ہے اس کے علاوہ آخرت پر ایمان کا یہ فائدہ ہے کہ اس سے رغبت، خوف اور اعمال صالحہ کی بجاآوری کے ذریعے رب العالمین کی خوشنودی حاصل کرنے کا جذبہ پیدا ہوتا ہے ہر جاندار نے موت کا ذائقہ چکھنا ہے اور جو بھی ذی روح اس دنیا میں آیا ہے اس نے بالآخر یہاں سے رخصت ہونا ہے کوئی بھی موت سے نہیں بچ سکتا چاہے وہ خود کو مضبوط قلعوں میں بند ہی کیوں نہ کرلے اس لئے موت کو ہمیشہ یاد رکھنا چاہیے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے نصیحت فرمائی ہے کہ موت کو کثرت سے...
Religious Institutions in Pakistan play a vital role in the education of Arabic Language, its dissemination and molding of the religious ethos. Being important centers for the proliferation of the Arabic Language these institutions have specific system for the teaching of Arabic language and it’s methodology. The aim of the paper was to investigate the teaching methods established by Wifaq-ul-Madaris Al- Arabia, Multan Pakistan for the teaching of Arabic literature to the students of Religious Institutions, working under its umbrella. The paper found two major aspects; firstly, to analyze the contents of rabic poetry in various sessions; Secondly, to study various prevailing teaching methods of Arabic poetry in these religious institutions. The paper also explored its solid and fragile features from both aspects and recommends suggestions for the promotions of imparting the educations of Arabic Poetry in religious institutions.
Talent Management Practices were found to have positive effects on business results and employee satisfaction / motivation. They enable organizations to prepare for future talent needs while meeting the current requirements. Talent management in banking sector of Pakistan is no exception. The objective of this study was to determine prevalent state of talent management practices in banking sector of Pakistan. The study explored various talent management practices that are being pursued in banking sector. The scope of the study was Commercial Banks which are enlisted in Karachi Stock Exchange. Descriptive cross-sectional survey entailing primary data collection with structured questionnaire was used in the study. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (SPSS Software) and percentages, mean scores and standard deviation were used to analyze data and determine the current state of implementation of talent management practices adopted by these organizations. The data was presented in tables. The findings indicate that talent management practices are moderately implemented in banking sector of Pakistan. The attributes of talent management practices studied in this research have been found to be generally at satisfactory level of implementation. These findings are generally in line with findings of current studies on talent management practices in banking sector of Pakistan.