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سدرہ کا مکیں چومے سرکارؐ کے قدموں کو
جبریلِ امیں چومے سرکارؐ کے قدموں کو
سدرہ سے بھی آگے کی رفعت کو چھو آئے
جو خاک نشیں چومے سرکارؐ کے قدموں کو
آفاق بھی کیوں رہتے محروم سعادت سے
جب روئے زمیں چومے سرکارؐ کے قدموں کو
قبلہ کبھی اقصیٰ سے کعبہ نہیں ہو سکتا
جب تک نہ جبیں چومے سرکارؐ کے قدموں کو
سلمانؓ کی قسمت میں برسوں کی مسافت تھی
صدیقؓ وہیں چومے سرکارؐ کے قدموں کو
عرفانؔ کی پلکوں کی حسرت ہی رہی لیکن
طیبہ کی زمیں چومے سرکارؐ کے قدموں کو
The study explores the comparative analysis of secondary school teachers’ attitude toward teaching English as a second language. The major objective of the study was; to find out secondary school teachers’ attitude toward teaching English related to different demographics. The researcher used quantitative research method that was descriptive in nature. The population of the study comprised all the male and female teachers at Secondary level in province of Punjab, Pak istan. The researchers selected the secon dary school teachers in districts: Lahore, Multan, Sialk ot and Vehari as the sample of the study. Questionnaire was used as a research tool for the study. The researchers distributed the questionnaire among the respondents of the study and collected data. For data analysis, researcher used the statistical techniques of mean score, t-test and ANOVA. The findings of the study informed that difference in mean scores of male and female teachers was not significant, t-value = -.075, p=.634>0.05. It was found that there was a significant difference in teachers’ attitude towards teaching English as second language having professional qualification of B.Ed. and M.Ed. at secondary school level, t-value = .521, p=.047<0.05. It was concluded that male and female respondents have almost same type of attitude of teaching English as second language.
In this study generalized exponential ratio type estimators have been proposed for estimating the finite population mean, using the information from single and two auxiliary variables, under sampling design such as single and two phase sampling. For each proposed estimator bias of order two and mean square error of order one are derived using single and two phase equal probability sampling with single and two auxiliary variables. A class of these estimators have been developed and their bias of order one and mean square errors of order one have been derived. Mathematical comparison has been furnished of the generalized proposed estimators with the existing estimators. Shrinkage estimators of the proposed estimators have been defined along with their mean square errors for single and two phase sampling. To put side by side the proposed estimators with existing estimators, numerical study has been carried out with single and two phase equal probability sampling. It is experiential that the proposed estimators are more efficient than simple random sampling, Ratio, Bhal and Tuteja (1991), Samiuddin and Hanif (2006), Sisodia and Dwivedi (1981), Upadhyaya (1999), Singh and Tailor (2003) and Noor-ul-Amin and Hanif (2012) and others. In case of unequal probability sampling the proposed estimator is also more efficient than the simple random sampling, Ratio, Bhal and Tuteja (1991), Sisodia and Dwivedi (1981) and Singh and Tailor (2003). To study the properties of the estimators, simulation has been carried out and it is evident that the proposed estimators are consistent estimators of population mean. It also shows that normal distribution is the most significant fitted distribution on the proposed estimators.