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Exploring Experiences of Key Stakeholders of the New Bed Hons Elementary Programme in a Public Sector University and a Government Elementary College of Education in Karachi, Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Barkat Ali

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

Mphil

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728077871

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This study explored the key stakeholders' experiences of the BEd (Hons) elementary programme in two teacher education institutions (TEIs)-a teacher education department at a public sector university and a government elementary college of education, in Karachi, Pakistan. Within qualitative research tradition, phenomenological design was employed to explore key stakeholders' perceptions and experiences about selected aspects (i.e. curriculum, teaching, assessment and practicum). Twenty-two participants including two heads of departments, four teacher educators, four cooperating teachers, four graduate students and eight graduating students, were selected purposefully, thereby, ensuring maximum variation sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis. The findings revealed that the programme is appreciated mainly in relation to its new features (e.g. revised curriculum and practicum). Factors pertaining to stakeholders' involvement and programmatic changes facilitated programme delivery. Whereas, factors in relation to resources, conduction of practicum, teachers' capacity, alignment of the programme with the overall education system, coordination among the related stakeholders, specialisation courses, background of the prospective teachers, and accountability, hindered stakeholders' efforts towards programme delivery. However, initiatives at personal, group and TEIs levels (e.g. utilizing personal resources and revising practicum), were reported to be taken to overcome the challenges. The study also found that the stakeholders at the university are more privileged in that they enjoy more autonomy in decision-making with regards to programme delivery as compared to their college counterparts, which makes the university more enabling for the programme as compared to the college. Overall, stakeholders see less hope and opportunities than fears and uncertainties, pertaining to the future of the BEd (Hons) programme. The findings of the study suggest that the programme could be delivered more effectively if the required material resources were provided to the TEIs, capacity building of the teacher educators and the cooperating teachers were ensured and coordination and alignment were ensured amongst various stakeholders at the level of policies and practices. Moreover, the regulatory bodies (e.g. The National Accreditation Council for Teacher Education (NACTE)) have to play an active role to constantly review and monitor the programme for ensuring its relevance and effectiveness. For future studies, it is suggested that a country wide analysis of the current scenario of teacher education and TEIs be carried out for improving the missing links in the system.
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سلام

سلام
جس نے ہجر کی خندق سے!
وصال کی نقیب ناقہ کھینچ کر لاتے ہوئے!
آپ چاندنی جیسی سفارت سے!
سوالی اسرار اور گرد آلود بھید کے منہ دھوتے ہوئے!
بے یقین دست کی رگوں میں!
سنہری تبسم۔۔اثبات وفا کی زندگی کو بھر دیا
اس ’’الحسین منی‘‘ کی حقیقت پہ لاکھوں سلام
جس نے مزاج سبز بہار کی کتاب سے
چادر تطہیر سے گرد صاف کی
جس نے درِ علم سے علم کے شہرتک!
طاق ساعتوں کیساتھ پاسبانی کرتے ہوئے!
قاتلین، منافقین اور قابضین کے چہرے دکھا دیے
جو آج بھی لا مکاں۔۔۔عصرے رواں میں!
یزیدیت کی دھجیاں اْڑا رہا ہے

اس قتیل نینوا پہ لاکھوں سلام
جس نے بنجر وادیوں کی طرف!
سبز خوشبو کا رخ موڑ دیا
جس نے فاصلوں۔۔۔ساعتوں کو انگلیوں پر نچاتے ہوئے!
ویران دشت کا رشتہ!
الوہی سبزہ گاہ سے جوڑ دیا
جس نے لسان فلک کے لہجے میں!
’’و اَنا مِن الحسین‘‘ کی تشریح نوک نیزہ پہ کی
اس حسین ؑابن حیدر پہ لاکھوں سلام
بنتِ حسینؑ و علیؑ پہ لاکھوں سلام

طریقت اور شریعت

This paper deals with Shariah and Tariqat. The decrees of Shariah have two kinds. One is related to the body (which is visible) , while the other one is about the soul (in visible) . Shariah is a combination of visible and un visible decrees. Tariqat is not a separate entity, it is cm integral part of Shariah. The people who consider Tariqat as a separate entity-, as a matter offact they are misguided persons. Tariqat is nothing but a subservient to Shariah. For the purification ofsoul and to make one self abiding by the laws of Shariah, the Sufia have proposed some specific practices and activities for their followers. They asked their followers to strictly adhere to these practices. Not only for the followers hut also for the spiritual guides; it is incumbent on them to follow the rules ofShariah whether these are related to body or to the soul. Irrespective of the position of the spiritual guide, he should also abide by the laws ofShariah. His Sufipractices. supernatural events or miracles have no value and no acceptance to the Almighty - Allah. Tariqat must be under the rules of Shariah, other wise it will not be accep

Generalization of Mixed Means and Related Results

Inequalities lie at the heart of a great deal of mathematics. G. H. Hardy reported Harald Bohr as saying ‘all analysts spend half their time hunting through the literature for inequalities which they want to use but cannot prove’. Inequalities involving means open many doors for analysts e.g generalization of mixed means fallouts the refinements to the important inequalities of Holder and Minkowski. The well known Jensen’s inequality asserts a remarkable relation among the mean and the mean of function values and any improvement or refinements of Jensen’s inequality is a source to enrichment of monotone property of mixed means. our aim is to utilize all known refinements of Jensen’s inequality to give the re- finements of inequality among the power means by newly defined mixed symmetric means. In this context, our results not only ensures the generalization of classical but also speak about the most recent notions (e.g n-exponential convexity) of this era. In first chapter we start with few basic notions about means and convex functions. Then the classical Jensen’s inequality and the historical results about refinements of Jensen’s inequality are given from the literature together with their applications to the mixed symmetric means. In second chapter we consider recent refinements of Jensen’s inequality to refine inequality between power means by mixed symmetric means with positive weights under more comprehensive settings of index set. A new refinement of the classical Jensen’s inequality is also established. The Popovicui type inequality is generalized using green function. Using these refinements we define various versions of linear functionals that are positive on convex functions. This step ultimately leads us to viiviii the important and recently revitalized area of exponential convexity. Mean value theorems are proved for these functionals. Some non-trivial examples of exponential convexity and some classes of Cauchy means are given. These examples are further used to show monotonicity in defining parameters of constructed Cauchy means. In third chapter we develop the refinements of discrete Jensen’s inequality for con- vex functions of several variables which causes the generalizations of Beck’s results. The consequences of Beck’s results are given in more general settings. We also gen- eralize the inequalities of H ̈older and Minkowski by using the Quasiarithmetic mean function. In forth chapter we investigate the class of self-adjoint operators defined on a Hilbert space, whose spectra are contained in an interval. We extend several re- finements of the discrete Jensen’s inequality for convex functions to operator convex functions. The mixed symmetric operator means are defined for a subclass of positive self-adjoint operators to give the refinements of inequality between power means of strictly positive operators. In last chapter, some new refinements are given for Jensen’s type inequalities in- volving the determinants of positive definite matrices. Bellman-Bergstrom-Fan func- tionals are considered. These functionals are not only concave, but superlinear which is a stronger condition. The results take advantage of this property.