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Exploring Higher Education Commissions Quality Assurance Mechanisms for Assuring Quality in Higher Education at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Thesis Info

Author

Sohail Ahmad

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

Mphil

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728078239

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The rapid growth of higher education institutes (HEIs) at public and private sectors has raised a key concern for quality among all stakeholders of higher education both nationally and internationally. To tackle this expansion, the Government of Pakistan established the Higher Education Commission (HEC) in 2002. A national Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) was established in 2005, under the jurisdiction of HEC, for the purpose to specifically look after quality issues in Pakistan. The QAA is actively engaged to assure the quality of education for more than one decade, but there are still issues related to quality in higher education. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted to explore HEC's guided QA mechanisms for assuring the quality of teaching, learning and research at the graduate level, its effectiveness and influencing factors in the context of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A qualitative multiple case study approach was employed to achieve the aim of this study. The data were collected from two selected universities in the context of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the help of face to face interviews and relevant documents analysis. Through purposive sampling technique, the participants for the study were selected from quality enhancement cell and education department, which included, deputy and assistant director of QEC, Head and focal person of the education department, MPhil and PhD students from the selected universities. Whereas, at HEC, two deputy directors from QAA were also interviewed. The data were analysed using within and cross-case analysis technique with the thematic approach. The study found that various HEC's guided mechanisms are used in the selected public and private-sector University respectively. The purpose of these mechanisms is to assure the quality of teaching, learning and research at the graduate level. Cross-case analysis demonstrated five mechanisms, which were common in both universities. These are: 'establishment of quality enhancement cell' (QEC), 'Self-assessment report' (SAR), 'collection of feedback from stakeholders', 'discouragement of plagiarism in research', 'evaluation of dissertation and publication of paper in PhD'. The findings revealed some of the effectiveness of these mechanisms such as, developing a sense of responsibility and motivation among stakeholders, improving quality of teaching, learning and research by developing quality culture, strengthening the internal quality assurance system, and promoting accountability and acceptance among the stakeholders. Importantly, the study found that the effectiveness and better outcomes of these mechanisms is largely dependent on effective implementation. Moreover, the data also revealed five common factors, which influenced the effective implementation of
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النتائج

النتائج

1۔ أولاً:

 تعرفنا علی بدایۃ الشعر الحر وما ھي حقیقتہُ وکیف کان التجدید في الشعر ولا یقصد بذلک التنکر لقوانینہِ إنما یکون الابتکار في المعاني۔

2۔ ثانیاً:

 من ھم أھم شعراء وشاعرات العصر الجديد ؟ وما ھي مکانۃ نازک الملائکۃ بین شاعرات عصرھا ؟

3۔ ثالثاً:

 إتفاق الشعراء حول نازک الملائکۃ بأنھا شاعرة ممتازۃ لھا ممیزات أدبیۃ وشعریۃ رائعۃ وأنھا تستجیب لشعورھا وإحساسھا قبل کل شيء وتعتبر ھي رائدۃ الشعر العربي الحر و تعرفنا على بعض شعراء و شاعرات عصرها .

4۔ رابعاً:

 تحدثنا عن الشعر الجدید في شبہ القارۃ الھندیۃ وأن حالي أعطی لغزل ( اللغة الأردية) الأسلوب الجدید واستوعب النقاد من التجارب علی أن ذلک شعر علی شکل نثر کما نقولُہ في العربیۃ الشعر الحُر۔

5۔ خامساً:

 الأدب النسائي في الباكستان وما ھي دور المرأۃ بین الرجال من البدایۃ وحتی العھد الحاضر ، و التعرف على بعض الشعراء والشاعرات العصر الجديد .

6۔ سادساً:

 مکانۃ بروین شاکر في الساحۃ الأدبیۃ وخاصۃً في الغزل وھي من بعض ألمع نجوم السماء علی الأرض في الغزل الأردو والشعر الحر في اللغة الأردية۔

 

 

قیام امن اور حیات نبوی: ایک مثالی دور

Peace initiatives during the regime of the Prophet attain to how understand to studied be to needs (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad and maintain peace in a diverse society. The measures for peace, taken by the Prophet (ﷺ) can be divided into two types: The Internal Steps and The External Steps. One of the fundamental objectives of his prophetic annunciation was ‘purification and refinement’, which was the core of his internal measures for peace. These measures produced moral values such as love and harmony, reconciliation and sacrifice among them. These personality traits were then translated into the establishment of equitable justice system and reciprocally, a just system leads to shape behaviors contributing to peace and harmony. For steps external the on focused also (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet The peace. These external measures include the treaty of al-Madīnah, the agreement with the Christian delegation of Najrān, the treat of Ḥudaybiyah and the announcement of the amnesty at the conquest of Mekkah. Thus, the study of the Prophet’s (ﷺ) life unfolds that if we want global peace, we have to follow the principles, practiced. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet the by down laid and

Association Between Parity and Rubella Seropositivity Among Older Reproductive-Age Women

Background: Rubella virus when it infects a non-pregnant adult or child usually causes a mild febrile rash illness. However, infection in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy causes miscarriages, stillbirths or foetal anomalies known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Factors associated with rubella immunity include age and parity. No studies have been done to isolate the association of parity independent of age. Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of rubella IgG antibodies among nulliparous and multiparous women of the same age-group attending various clinics in Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Design: A cross-sectional study of women attending a tertiary hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Subjects and methods: Eligible participants were multiparous and nulliparous women aged between 30 and 34 years, recruited sequentially. The rubella IgG antibody was tested using a commercial ELISA Kit. Fischer exact test and Chi square was used to compare the two groups. Logistic regression was used to explore the association. Results: A total of 300 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. There was no difference in seropositivity between the multiparous (87%) and the nulliparous group (88%), P=0.81. The overall rubella seroprevalence was 87%. Variation in seropositivity was noted from place of birth, ranging from 82% in Coast to 100% in Western province, though the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.81). None of the socio-demographic and obstetrical factors included in the study questionnaire were associated with seronegativity for rubella in the univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Thirteen percent of the participants were seronegative, translating to a significant number of women in childbearing age susceptible to rubella virus and subsequent CRS. Seronegativity did not correlate with the socio-demographic and obstetrical factors. Regular rubella testing and promotion of wider coverage of vaccination recommended, since there seems to be no benefit in targeting one group over the other.