This doctoral thesis is an attempt to critically analyze the approaches and views of orientalists or “Ḥadīth Literature”. Central point has been to explore different misconceptions and misleading findings made by orientalists in the field of Ḥadīth Sciences. The key point of orientalists approaches is that they always worked on “Ḥadīth Literature” through the patron of secularism and biaroners. This thesis has been divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the basic and historical concept of orientalism. The intellectual history and methodology of orientalists has been discussed thoroughly. The second chapter presents “Authority of Ḥadīth and Sunnah as a second Source of Islamic Law. The status and importance of Ḥadīth has been discussed in detail. The third chapter commences with the preservation, compilation and diffusion of Ḥadīth and Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ( S. A. W. ) . The different methods of the preservation and diffusion of Ḥadīth discussed in detail. The fourth chapter deals with the views and approaches adopted by the Orientalists about Ḥadīth Literature. In this chapter content criticism of Ḥadīth and the sources of confirmation have also been discussed. The last chapter deals with the “Authority and Authenticity of Isnād system in Ḥadīth”. In this chapter Isnad system, Asma ur-Rijal, Ilm al Jarh wa ta‘dīl, mandatory qualities for the tadīl of a transmitter, classification of Aḥādīth, and Isnad system also discussed in detail. At the end concluding remarks and recommendations presented. As a conclusion, an effort has been made to present the true, authentic and authoritative picture of Ḥadīth Literature. I hope this thesis will contribute something new to the Ḥadīth academia. This research will also open new avenues for the future researchers to further explore the core issue and give awareness to the Muslim Ummah about their due role in this regard.