Companions of holy prophet Muhammad(PBUH) are the ambassadors preachers of the principles of Islam and the whole religion was reached to the four corners of the world by them. There are some grades between the companions of the Holy Prophet with regard to their superiority and poiousity .Muhajreens and Insars were superior from the rest of the companions and the companions who were present at the time of Hudaibea agreement are superior and last the companion who were present in Badar war were more superior than them. The four rightly guided caliphes were the closest companions of the Holy Prophet who are not only the contributed a lot in the life of Holy Prophet but also consolidated Muslim Ummah after Him.There for the position and stature of rightly guided caliph were highest in social ,economical, ideological ,political, and in every sphere of daily life. The life of Hazrat Umar stand prominent among the comity of rightly guided caliphes and in the regime of Hazrat Umar Islamic state touch the glory of prestige and honor ,and the boundaries of Islamic state were extended considerably. After the expansion of Islamic state the situation faced to Hazrat Umar was quite different then that of the life of Holy Prophet(PBUH). Hazrat Umar began his reforms for the welfare of general public and supremacy of Islam. He introduced many reforms in political, economical, administrative, social, and in judicial system which were not being followed before him. All these things are called initiatives of Hazrat Umar. Hazrat Umar was born in Makkah before forty year of Hijra,He belongs to the clan of Quresh Banu Adi, His father Khatab bin nafeel was the prominent personality of Arab. He was the portfolio of ambassador in city state of Makkah and he was also play the role of mediator among the hostile tribes and families. Khatab bin nafeel was the strict administrator and also treat his son Umar strictly with regards to his education and learning war tactics. There for Hazrat Umar inheritate strict disciplined and order from his father. Hazrat Umar followed his father entire his life in the field of state crafts. Hazrat Umar was included in few persons of Makkah who can read and write and he was also prominent due to his bravery and war tactics. He was the harsh enemy of Islam and Muslims before accepting the Islam. He used to beat scold the followers of Islam, He had great enmity with Holy Prophet due to his nature. But when he accepting Islam he become great admirer of Holy Prophet and custodian of Muslims because he accepted Islam after the prayer of Holy Prophet. The Muslims practices Islam covertly before Hazrat Umer''s accepts of Islam but after Hazrat Umar they started practicing Islam openly and they offered prayer in Khana Kaba openly with him in the presences of enemy. After Hijra he participated in all wars as the closeally of Holy Prophet(PBUH). He gave many suggestions on administrative and religious affairs to the holy prophet on every situation regardless weather it related to war orderly affairs, and Rasool Allah always appreciate him very much. Many time many verses of holy Quran were reviled which were earlier suggested by Hazrat Umar in the life of Holy prophet(PBUH),these were called Muwafqat-e-Umar which are 16 in number. The Holy Prophet gave him the title Farooq which means the differentiate of right and wrong due to his wisdom and profound knowledge. In the regime of Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddiq ,he was the advisor of caliph and also made chief justice of Islamic state .Hazrat Umar''s greatest achievement in the time of Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddiq was the consolidation of Quran which were ordered by Hazrat Abu Bakar siddiq on the suggestion of Hazrat Umar.Due to his great personality and sound knowledge of state affairs Hazrat Abu Bakr siddiq nominated Him as a second caliph at the time of His death. After the demise of Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddiq, Hazrat Umar began his glorious period by implementing his reforms agenda in the shape of initiatives of Hazrat Umar Farooq which are categorized in social,economic, administrative,judicial political. As for as the religious reforms are concerned Hazrat Umar made Quranic education compulsory at all level and stipend were fixed of Hufaz e Quran.Due to this reform thousands of people memorized holy Quran by heart . He also made compulsory learn by hearts the basic surah of Quran.Hazrat Umar also appointed pious Sahabas to teach holy Quran to the far flung areas of Islamic state. And competitive salaries were given to the Quran teachers.Hazrat Umar always gave preference to the Quran knowing persons in advises and consultancy.And Healso appointed officials who were experts in Quran and Sunnah. Hazrat Umar give special attention to the construction of mosques almost 22 thousands of mosques were built in different areas of Islamic state during the period of Hazrat Umar. He also appointed paid moazons in the mosques to call the people at the time of prayer five times a day, and they were given high salaries. Hazrat Umar arranged lights in the mosques first time. Hazrat Umar also introduced cord of conduct for the respects of mosques. Hazrat Umar expended the area of Khana kaba and Masjid Nabvi. Hazrat Umar paid special attention for the publication of Hadith also. He introduced basic principles of Hadith also. Hazrat Umar paid great attention to the fiqah also ,appointed jurists to solve the religious matters in different areas of Islamic state and they were also asked to solve the daily problems of general public in the light of Quran an Sunnah. Hazrat Umar used to give instructions to the jurists regularly by writing them letters. Competent companions of holy prophet were appointed as jurist in different areas. In social circle the system introduced by Hazrat Umar was splendid. Safeguarding the fundamental right of every citizen. Every citizen of Islamic state weather they were Muslims or non Muslims were given right regardless of there cast colors creed . To improve the social stricter Hazrat Umar made it obligatory to have every person morality and uprightness. As for the rights are concerned Hazrat Umar gave special attention to the rights of the women, and children . Stipends were given to the women and children. And stipends were fixed just after the birth of child And the amount were continues raised with the age of the children. Stipends were also given to the elderly people who were unable to earn their livings. Stipends were also fixed for non Muslims also who they were not earned properly and also handicap persons of the state .Begging were forbidden in entire Muslim state and poor persons were declared the responsibility of the state. To eliminate the evils of the society Hazrat Umar curb the elements of evil creator from the society . Life and property of zimmis ( non-Muslim subjects) was as inviolate as that of a Muslim. If a Muslim by chance killed a non-Muslim, Hazrat Umar made sure that the killer was handed over to the family of the victim. Once a member of the tribe of Bakr ben Wail killed a Christian of the tribe of Jabrat. Hazrat Umar instructed the chief of the Wail tribe to hand over the killer to Hunain, a relative of the victim, who had the killer pay the price in kind. Hazrat Umar instructed Muslim armies to act humanly, not to destroy any crops. The landowners whose crops were damaged with the movement of the troops were given ample compensation. Once he gave 10,000 dirhems to a farmer whose harvest was spoiled by the Muslim army. He inferred from a verse of the Holy Quran that sadaqa money should be expended on two groups of society, fuqara and masakin. By the former is meant the helpless Muslims, and by latter needy Jews and Christians. Accordingly non-Muslims were also helped from such monies. Umar ibn Al-Khattab always favored individual freedom and self-respect. By word of mouth and through his writings he made it very clear that every human being was born free and no one should have to abase himself in front of others. Hazrat Umar demolished the slavery from Islamic state also and gave special rights to the slaves. He also paid special attention to the rights of non-Muslims, they were given full liberty to do trade and they were also given jobs at administration level. In the economics affair Hazrat Umar introduced Islamic coin for trade with other nations. And tax reforms were also made to circulate the wealth and generation of revenue for the state. Hazrat Umar introduced usher system in the economics of Islamic state for the first time. He introduced many initiatives in the field of agriculture like constructed many canals for irrigation purpose. Many steps were also taken to promote commerce and trade. For economic activities Hazrat Umar opened markets in every town and frequently visits these markets to check the prices of commodities. And he made obligatory for the traders to have basic knowledge of Islamic principles of trades. He also appointed administrators of markets who were entrusted to regularly check daily activities of the market. And prices of items were fixed by the caliph himself for the utilization of general public. Hazrat Umer (RA) was bestowed with best qualities by Allah Almighty. He made positive structural changes for government officials as well as plebian in every sphere of life during His tenure. Everyone was answerable before Him especially those who were given responsibilities of public welfare. Administratively, He introduced new governmental departments and able persons were posted on key posts. But these office bearers were not independent in their affairs rather strict conditions were imposed on them by Him. Therefore, the office bearer was unable to get undue favor by using their given powers. These were some strong administrative grounds which paved the way of golden period of Hazrat Umer. He had very active and high stature personality. Due to His activeness and great personality He enjoyed the statues of minister and advisor in the court of Holly Prophet (S.W). Holy Prophet used to consult Him in every important matter and consider the difference of opinion made by Hazrat Umar. Under the guidance of Holy Prophet ,Hazrat Umar laid the foundation of great Muslim empire and devised a system of governance which is still pillowed in many countries. Hazrat Umar developed a system of equality and laws equally applicable to the general public and rulers, and no laxity in the implementation of law. Because the true sense of law is being its implementation not being announcement of law. Therefore Hazrat Umar gave more importance to the implementation of law and policy was made regarding implementation of law irrespective of rules or to be ruled. Punishment was made essential who dared to violate law and Hazrat Umar never exonerate the punishments which were awarded on the charge of violation of law. Hazrat Umar kept an eagle eye not only the people of holy city of Madina but also the entire Muslim empire. The expansion of the empire made many complications in its administration but administrative genius like Hazrt Umar not only systematically handled the situation but also followed the policy of simplicity in the administration. He did not built any separate secretariat for the administration of such a vast empire and carry on giving instruction from the corner of masjid-e -Nabvi . He also did not made change in Masjid-e-Nabvi in His early years of Khilafat period , and expansion was only made when the number of prayers offers were considerably increased, and kept the same structure of Masjid-Nabvi only expended it. Hazrat Umar used to stay under the leaves of date tree as the administer the whole empire. He used to meet the foreign delegations, different officials, advisors, ministries, and governors from the same place, and issue instructions. After seeing the great responsibilities of caliphate, Hazrat Umar used to say "If I know any person who is ore able and competent to look after the affairs of the caliphate, I did not accept the responsibilities because it was better beheaded the accept the responsibilities of caliphate." After becoming caliph,Hazrat Umar said, Help me against myself by ordering the good and forbidding the evil and do good with me as Allah Almighty had made me responsible of your deeds. Hazrat Umar managed the administrative center in very systematic manners. He divided entire empire into provinces and provinces further divided into districts. He appointed Governors for provinces and also some assistants to help out the governors. Hazrat Umar also made many departments and appoint officials to run it. Hazrat Umar introduced strict laws for the appointment of high rank officials and subordinate staff so that the administration could be run smoothly and effectively, and maximum benefit can be taken. Because establishment of new departments were not enough for any welfare as long as efficient and honest officials could not be appointed to run for department. Keeping in view the above, Hazrat Umar had made valuable laws and principles for the appointment of high and low level officials. Hazrat Umar appointed many great personalities, who earned trust of Holy Prophet (S.W) and first caliph as official and their integrity was beyond question.They were all well aware of Islamic principles and laws. Hazrat Umar gave due care in the appointment of officials. Those who were removed from the offices by Him, Hazrat Umaar bin Yasir was not able to lord the office. Therefore Hazrat Umar clearly said them while removing from office. It was quite clear while looking the entire period of the caliphate of Hazrat Umar. He appointed right man on right place and most suited person was given responsibility. Because Hazrat Umar had great quality of knowing the person''s capability. Therefore, only able and trust worthy persons were appointed on different governmental positions. Hazrat Umar also posted many great Shabas on different positions according to these capabilities and specialties in their work. Though Hazrat Umar was staunch follower of the principles of Islam yet religious activities were not the role quality of appointment many other qualities were also required for appointment. So that they might not busy in religious activities and remain away from the welfare the general public ,Once Hazrat Umar asked from the crowd in the masjid that I needed a governor for an area , therefore please point out a good and pious person .One person said Ameer al momineen that person is suitable for this position. Hazrat Umar asked three questions from him, did you travel with him he said no, did you have any transaction with him, he replied negative,third question was that did you live in his neighbor, he again said no; then Hazrat Umar said to him that you might have seen him returning from the masjid and you guessed him that he is very poise and suitable for the post. From the above said three questions Hazrat Umar checked the personality of the person that how much a person is good in dealing with other person, only religious activities like offering prayers and keeping fast did not make any person suitable for any post. Hazrat Umar appointed governor with great care and open eyes. He given the best suited person the best post of governor and appointed person proved his suitability. It was obligatory mir munshi that he had first hand knowledge of writing and speech. Zaid bin Sumiea Mir Munshi of Abu Musa Ashri governor of Basra , was a man of letter and great orator. Hazrat Umar used to name the officials for appointment before Majlis-e-Shoora, after the approval of Majlis-e-Shoora the appointment is made on adhoc basis and after analyses the adhoc period''s performance permanent appointment is made otherwise the adhoc appointment removed from the office. Hazrat Umar issued notification for the appointment of any governor in which terms and conditions of their appointment of any governor ,in which terms and conditions of their appointment mentioned in detail, one Muhajir and Ansar were also signed the notification as witness. The purpose of aforesaid exercise was that the people and poise person of the state become aware of the appointment and give testimony. And their appointment was made on ad-hoc basis after the satisfactory performance they made permanent ,the good performance was only condition of getting permanent order. Although Allah almighty has bestowed him the great ability to check the person yet he was overcrapulous in the appointment of the officials. It was obligatory for every official to have good command over shariea and basic principle of Holly Quran and Sunnah.Naffay has said that when Hazrat Umar appointed me as official of Makkah ,once Hazrat Umar met me in asfan and he asked me that to whom you have made your assistant in Makkah I said to Ibn e Abzi,He again asked who is he I said he is my slave ,Hazrat Umar said ,did you made a slave your assistant ,I said He is best reciter of Quran and good knowledge of Shariea and law, then Hazrat Umar said that it was indicated by the Holy Prophet that Allah give respect and disgrace some persons due to the Holy Quran. Besides of this Hazrat Umar also wanted many other qualities in them for good governs. Due to all these qualities Hazrat Umar prefer Shufa Bint e Abduallah over male for the appointment custodian of market. Shufa was very intelligent and capable woman, Hazrat Umar admire her performance and regard her opinion and sometime prefer her opinion. Hazrat Umar give equal importance to the opinion of the women and thought eligible for every governmental position except ruler and leader of the prayer. Hazrat Umar was very strict in the obligation of the stat hood Therefore anyone who considered for the appointment of governor, he had to go through strict conditions. Hazrat Umar took for reliable witnesses on the appointment later of any governor and also took guaranty from the official that he will not use luxury transport for transportation ,he will not used soft dresses, he will not eat purified flour''s bread and he will not have peon outside his office nor lock his door from inside. Although these all conditions were mention on the appointment letter of the official yet official was bound to read out all term and conditions before the general public so that everyone made aware of the terms and conditions of the appointment and they might have check on the official and official might not cross his limits as prescribed in the appointment letter. Hazrat Umar had special check on the assets of the appointment officials. At the time of appointment a detailed list of moveable and immoveable property was prepared of the official whose appointment is made. The said list of asset kept in safe custody. When unjustifiable or unreasonable increase in the asset was observed, the said official held accountable and impeached. Because Hazrat Umar considered that increase in the asset of any governor or official was tantamount to dishonesty and deliberate carelessness in the discharge of official obligations. It was come to the notice of Hazrat Umar that the asset of one official named Umro bin al ass had considerably increased Hazrat Umar wrote a warning latter to him. During Hajj days Hazrat Umar made the attendance of every governor obligatory in Makkah and asked about their performance. General public was also took on board while checking the performance of the governors and took opinion and complaint against them.Every complain was thoroughly inquired and investigated, if complaint was proved strict disciplinary action was taken against the delinquent official.Once governor of Egypt asked Hazrat Umar that Amir al Momineen would you punish to an official who beat any citizen to make him obedient ,Hazrat Umar replied I sworn the Almighty who have custody of my life ,I would punish him because I had seen Holy prophet to do the same ,beware never beat the Muslim they would disrespected nor infringe their right. Hazrt Umar gave special performance in appointment to the persons who did anything special or extra ordinary during the life time of Holy Prophet and Holy Prophet admired their efforts. HazratBduhaal bin arqam was a great sahabi and was writer of Holy Prophet,Holy Prophet had great trust on him as whatever he write,Holy Prophet did not ask any one to read it out for confirmation. Once a letter was received in the court of holy Prophet ,Holy prophet asked who would reply this letter ,Abduallah bin Arqam said I would reply it . After some time he took the draft of the reply which liked by Holy Prophet ,Hazrat Umar was also present in the court and remembered the performance of Abdullah bin Arqam and appointed him Mir Munshi after becoming caliph. Hazrat Umar appoint officials to help out in performance of official obligations and had an eagle eye on the working of the officials.Once Mir Munshi of Abu MosaAshri write a letter to Hazrat Umar with a mistake of Arabic grammar Hazrat Umar wrote to Abu MosaAshri that as long as your receive my letter punish your mir munshi with one strip and dismiss him from his office. Hazrat Umar was very vigilant and careful in the performance of the officials. Hazrat Umar had set some principles in which preference was given to urban citizen over Badu who lived in brutal area beside some other pre requisition qualities. Hazrat Umar usually did not appoint the persons of his tribe also Hazrat Umar appointed only Numan Bin Adi as official of misan from his tribe but after sometime he was removed on minor allegation. Hazrat Umar gave great importance to sound health and activeness in appointment of the officials so that they might prove effective in discharge of their official obligation for the great interest of the state.It was come into he knowledge that Saed Bin Amir had some physical problems,Hazrat Umar called him and sought explanationfrom him and after complete satisfaction he was reinstated on his duties. Hazrat Umar fixed handsome salaries for the officials and governors so that they might not indulge in corruption and some other sort of corrupt activities. Abu Ubaida stated before Hazrat Umar that you had appointed many companions of Holy Prophet on key posts. Hazrat Umar replied that how could I trust other in presences of companions of Holy Prophet . Abu Ubaida again said that then freed them from earn their livings lest they tended to dishonesty so give them handsome salary for their living. At that time most of the people were of the opinion that to take salary for doing any state service was against the religious rituals.It the same practice carried many difficulties might arise ,therefore Hazrat Umar rejected their point of view and fixed handsome salaries for the officials and governors so that they could concentrate on their official obligation and their mind remained free from the burden of earn their livings. Once Abdullah Bin Sadi come to see Hazrat Umar,As Hazrat Umar looked at him he asked him that was you Abduallh bin sadi against whom I had heared that you were give a but you did nottake your salary. Abdullah replied that yes .Hazrat Umar again asked that what was the purpose of not getting salary ,Abudaal replied that I had horses ,slaves and sound financials position. Therefore my salary cold be spent some other welfare purpose ,Hazrat Umar said to him that once Holy Prophet tried to give me something I humbly that these things could be given to needypersons,even one more time I did the same.Holy Prophet said that increase your assets then gave it in charity and remember if anything given to you without wishing or asking took that all. The appointed official were not allowed to adopt any other profession as long as they hold any public office because HazratUmer strongly disliked any official to indulge in any profession so that their capabilities could purely utilized for public welfare not for their own benefits.Its His point of view that to indulge in business by the ruler could become the cause of failure of state affairs . That''s way Hazrat wrote of Abu Musa Ashri in a letter that don''t sale or purchase anything. Abu Hurayra who was appointed as official in Behran who remain busy in other activities, HazratUmer strongly disliked it. Hazrat Umar had strict check over the appointed officials and gave them no chance to use the state machinery for their own benefits. Strict accountability and checks were implemented not only for the officials but also to the family members of officials,so that they might not use the official position of their relative. Hazrat Umar Had great wisdom and he could plan the future effectively to facilitate general public. Hazrat Umar gave handsome salary package to the officials but ordered them to lead a simple life.No official was allowed to close his door so that people might have easy access for terederessal , No peon at he gate of the official.If it come to the notice of Hazrat Umar that the official did not visit the ailing person or general public did not access to the official Hazrat Umar dismissed him from official obligations. Hazrat Umar used to give strict instructions to the officials that to treat the plebian politely. At the time of Haj Hazrat Umar used to address the general public in the prances of all officials and stated their in that.The people I appointed officials honestly to check your deeds ,I did not appoint them to plunder your respect ,honor,property,and lives therefore if anyone of them did punish without reason stand up and complain against him. Hazrat Umar usually follow this rule that Allah almighty has created human being respectable and ordered to be respected by his other fellow being. Beside haj, many delegation who arrived from different provinces, HazratUmer asked from them about the performance of the officials by putting some questions likeWhether weak people had access to the official or not and official went to see the ailing person if answer was yes then He said thanks God and if answer is in negative He summoned the official Madina immediately and held him accountable. HazratUmer gave all administrative initiatives according to the sharia of Islam and never went against the true injunction of Islam. Hazrat Umar for maintaining law and order in the state initiated police department and also established prisons for betterment all general public.He introduced surveillance programs for checking the dully activities and duties of officials. For strengthening defense system organized troops with fundamental changing in war tactics. Separate cantonments were established for the army and they were also paid regular salaries in recognition of their services ant the army. Rank system was also introduced in the army keeping in view the performance of solders in the battlefield. Training system of army was also introduced to train the army personnel so that they my improve their capability in the battle field. Hazrat Umar taken many initiatives in judicial system also.For the dispersion of justice judiciary was segregated from administration. Hazrat Umar appointed able personality as judge an different area. Many rules and regulations were formulated to regulate the judicial system. A strictscrutiny was made for the appointment of any judicial officer and qualification of Quran and Sunnah was compulsory for them. It is the need of time that Quranic education must be spread in the society because it is imperative to understand the basic principles of Islam through Quranic education. Such a person who do not understand the basic knowledge of Quran and Sunnah he just a so cold muslim. It is necessary to make Quranic education more easy and practical side by side with conventional education. It was attitude of companions of Holly Prophet that they did not make the religion as Burdon rather make it very effective and modernized. In non muslim countries the muslim who live there they made Islam very easy in their day to day practical life and acted upon the basic principles of Islam.Today in this way the Turkish Government made the ahdeth education very easy for the better understanding of Islam. They accumulated twenty thousand ahadeth to I a book shape so that general public take benefit from it while doing their daily affairs. If we make our religion as strict no one will follow the Islamic education . At present two different education system are operating in the country one is religious and the other is conventional. Those who got admission in madrasas remain aloof from modern education and remain strict to religious education on the other hand the conventional educational system is totally modernized and has very less portion of Islam in their syllabus. Therefore it is the need of time we should rationalize our religious and modern education so that maximum benefits can be extracted from both educational system. For peaceful environment Government should ménage the mosques and fix prayer timing all over the country to avoid sectarianism. Because mosques are central congregational point of every Muslim therefore it cannot be handed over to a specific sect a body of person to implement their own nefarious agenda. Establishing new cities were started by Hazrat Umar first time in Islamic history so that the population of the city can be manage effectively .Our cities are mostly overcrowded therefore it is very hard to manage the cities properly. Hazrat Umar encouraged the citizens to learn different langue for communication with different people of different areas, Today English and Arabic are two biggest langue of the world it is necessary to learn these two langue in addition to our own for better understanding of Islam Quran, and Sunnah. Administration of the justice is the primary responsibility of any state. To make administration of justice more effective it is necessary that administration of justice should be based on strong footing impartial justice to the citizen. We have inherited British laws from colonial periods and the same are still practicing in our courts of justice and we were unable to formulate our own laws according to the true spirit of Islam . These initiatives have only object to facilitate the general public regarding their affairs with the state and individuals. These initiatives moulid the Islamic society in to the patron of modern states therefore Umar''s welfare initiatives are almost followed in many welfare states of the world. Hazrat Umar''s period stand prominent into the regimes of rightly guided caliphs due to these initiatives and paved the way for welfare Islamic state. Hazrat Umar truly understand the teaching of Islam and implemented it in every walked of life. Umar was a leader who guided people in the right direction and whose example was followed by others in word and deed.His life is one of the soundest sources of faith motivation and correct understanding of Islam. It is needed today the keeping in view of initiatives of Hazrat Umar to promote such a Islamic welfare state which depend on Quran and Sunnah ,and every matter must be resolved according to the initiatives of the Umar for making any Islamic state as Islamic welfare state." xml:lang="en_US