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Japans Human Security Assistance to Pakistan in Post Cold-War Era

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Ramzan, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Sindh

Institute Type

Public

City

Jamshoro

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12163/1/Muhammad%20Ramzan%20IR%202019%20uni%20of%20sindh%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676728111413

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Pakistan has been a huge recipient of Japanese economic assistance for the growth of its economy. Moreover, Pak-Japanese relations in term of economic aids and human security are strongly mature and amicable since Pakistan is one of those countries in the world which needs acute economic assistance and financial aids to develop its social, political and economic sectors so that it guarantees the human security in Pakistan. Apart from this, the human security assistance which has humanistic values and norms is directly linked with the human development and welfare. Being a staunch supporter of the notion to empower the people of the developing countries in social and economic fields, Japan has been consistently supporting Pakistan. The dissertation is qualitative in nature and would find out the provision of Japanese aids to Pakistan and would also read the impact.It is learnt that why Japan has been so much actively involved in supporting the government of Pakistan to revive its economy and bring a dramatic reduction in the ratio of poverty. The thesis aims to identify that the interests and intentions of Japan in supporting Pakistan for developing its human security. More specifically, Japan has been observed in working and developing the educational, health, agricultural, sanitation, economic sectors which are crucial and clear indications in Pak-Japanese relations in respect to human security. Developing and improving the irrigation system through applying modern techniques by Japan are also certain signs which show the commitment of Japan in the promotion and protection of human security in Pakistan. In addition, the other projects which Japan has started in Pakistan, have mainly focused on transportation service, health services and education for Pakistan in the form of various projects carried out of Official Development Assistance (ODA) and JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency). Japanese has been continuously and perpetually providing economic aids, grants and loans to Pakistan in order to ensure the protection and restoration of human security and human development in Pakistan. Japan has also helped Pakistan to strengthen and develop the markets of Pakistan and bring changes in socioeconomic development which ultimately would bring regional development and V prosperity. The Japanese economic assistance brought dramatic reforms in Pakistan.Japan’s aid to Pakistan no doubt, carries certain strings and conditions, but has purely helped Pakistan to come out from human security threats.Therefore, Pak-Japanese ties in term of human security in Pakistan is strongly mature and strong and Pakistan needsmore economic support and financial aids from Japan since Pakistan has to do a lot to come out from human crisis. Pakistan and Japan ought to seek their bilateral relations irrespective of the fact that how and what they interests they pursue in their relations with other countries.
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جد دا ڈٹھا اپنا آپ

جد دا ڈٹھا اپنا آپ
سانوں دِسدا نہیں اے پاپ
کیہڑا ناصح دانش یار
دیوے رات ہجر دی ناپ
مشکل ویلے بھل نہ ویکھ
ساڈی رکھیں یار سیاپ
جھوٹیاں نوں توں سچ نہ جان
سچ دا توں پھر راگ الاپ
کر خدمت توں اس دی پھیر
جیہڑا تیرا مائی باپ
جے توں رہنا غیراں نال
سانوں موڑیں ساڈی چھاپ

ASSESSMENT OF LOWER LIMB MUSCLE STRENGTH IN ATHLETES BY USING HAND-HELD DYNAMOMETER: A RELIABILITY STUDY

Background and Aims: Muscle strength is the key area to measure the functional status of an individual. Different tools and techniques has been used to detect strength differences and deficits. Hand- held dynamometer is one of the most affordable and handy tools used for this purpose. This study was designed to determine intra-rater reliability of hand- held dynamometer to measure muscle strength in different muscle groups of lower extremity of young athletes. It will further explore the reliability of hand- held dynamometer. Methodology: In this cross- sectional study young players of squash and badminton in the age group of 18-26 years were selected. The participants were recruited by non- probability convenience sampling technique. The strength of major muscle groups of lower limb was measured by a single male tester twice with gap through isometric make test of dynamometer. The intra-class correlation coefficient was then calculated for two readings of each muscle group by using SPSS version 21. Results: The intra- class correlation coefficient showed good to excellent reliability. The hip abductors, hip adductors, hip extensors of left side, knee flexors and knee extensors showed excellent reliability. Whereas, hip flexors, ankle plantar- flexors and dorsi-flexors of both sides showed excellent reliability at 95 % confidence interval. Conclusion: The isometric make test of dynamometer is a reliable tool for the objectification of strength of lower limb in   young players participating in squash and badminton.

H Ybrid Qam - Fsk Hqfm Ofdm T Ransceiver With L Ow Papr

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive multicarrier technique for mitigating the effects of multipath delay spread of radio channel, and hence accepted for several wireless standards as well as number of mobile multimedia applications. Alongside its advantages such as robustness against multipath fading, spectral efficiency and simple receiver design, OFDM has two major limitations. One of these is its sensitivity to carrier frequency offsets (CFO) caused by frequency differences between the local oscillators in the transmitter and the receiver and the other is high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). This high PAPR is due to the summation of sinc-pulses and non-constant envelope. Therefore, RF power amplifiers (PA) have to be operated in a very large linear region. Otherwise, the signal peaks get distorted, leading to intermodulation distortion (IMD) among the subcarriers and out-of-band radiation. A simple way to avoid is to use PA of large dynamic range but this makes the transmitter 1 Dr. Nasir D. Gohar is currently Professor/HoD, Communication Systems Engineering Department at NUST School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Islamabad. ivcostly. Thus, it is highly desirable to reduce the PAPR. In order to reduce the PAPR, several techniques have been proposed such as clipping, coding, peak windowing, Tone Reservation (TR), Tone Injection (TI), Selected Mapping (SLM) and Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS). After studying these schemes, it was found that most of these methods are unable to achieve simultaneously a large reduction in PAPR with low complexity, low coding overhead and without performance degradation and transmitter/ receiver symbol handshake. In this study, an OFDM transceiver is proposed which makes use of hybrid modulation scheme instead of conventional modulator like QAM or PSK. In addition to improved BER performance both in AWGN and frequency selective fading channel, it exhibits low PAPR. The modified OFDM transceiver makes use of multilevel QAM constellations, where the level of QAM is decided by specific number of bits chosen arbitrarily from a group of bits to be encoded in the QAM symbol. The simulated results show that PAPR is considerably reduced, though at the cost of a slight increase in detection complexity. Like PTS or SLM, it works with arbitrary number of subcarriers but needs no side information to be transmitted. It is also shown that PAPR reduction capability of the proposed system is comparable to PTS. However, to further reduce the PAPR, one has to alter this hybrid MQAM/LFSK (HQFM) signal sets like in PTS, but there is no need of transmitting any additional side information. At the receiver, these deformations can be removed in one or two iterations, thus, original data retrieved but with a little increase in the receiver complexity.