سعیدہ صبا سیالکوٹی
سعیدہ صبا سیالکوٹی(۱۹۱۹ئ۔۲۰۰۲) کا اصل نام احمد بی بی ہے۔ آپ پسرور میں پیدا ہوئیں ۔آپ کے بڑے بھائی عبرتؔپسروری معروف شاعر تھے۔(۶۸۵)
’’گلدستہ صبا‘‘ سعیدہ صبا کا واحد شعری مجموعہ ۱۹۹۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔ حمد و نعت،اتحاد اُمت ،قومیت ،دینِ اسلام ،اور حالات حاضرہ ان کی شاعری کے اہم موضوعات ہیں۔ آپ کے دل میں امت مسلمہ کا بہت درد تھا۔ جس کا اظہار ان کے مجموعہ ہائے کلام کے صفحات میں جگہ جگہ ملتا ہے۔
ان کی نظم میں لطافت و سلاست پائی جاتی ہے۔ وہ کسی بھی تاثر کی منظر نگاری نہایت جاذب پیرائے میں کرنے پر بڑی قدرت رکھتی ہیں۔حضورؐ سے سچی محبت کی وجہ سے آپ نے متعدد مقدار میں نعتیں لکھیں۔ ایک وقت ایسا تھا جب ان کا مقصود شاعر ی سے کہیں زیادہ مدحتِ رسول عربیؐ تھا۔ آپ کی شاعری کے بارے میں احسان اللہ ثاقب رقم طراز ہیں:
آپ اپنے منفرد اسلوب میں الفاظ کا جادو جگاتی ہیں اور مشکل سے مشکل مضامین کو بھی آسانی سے ادا کرنے کی مہارت رکھتی ہیں۔ حمد، مناجات، نعت، سلام ، قومی واقعات اور گھریلوتقریبات آپ کے دل پسند موضوعات سخن ہیں۔ آپؐ کی شاعری رضائے الہی کے حصول ،رسولؐ خدا کی خوشنودی ،ملی احساس اور معاشرتی فلاح و بہبود کے جذبات سے لبریز ہے۔(۶۸۶)
صبا کا نعتیہ کلام ان کے دل سے نکلی ہوئی آواز ہے۔ انھوںنے آیات قرآنی کاسلیس اور سادہ زبان میں منظوم ترجمہ بھی کیا ہے۔وہ قرآن اور خالق قرآن سے محبت کرتی ہیں۔ وہ عشقِ رسولؐ کا مجسمہ ہیں۔ وہ اس بات کا شعور رکھتی ہیں کہ روح کے سکون کے لیے عشقِ حقیقی اور عشقِ رسولؐ کا ہونا ضروری ہے کچھ نعتیہ اشعار اور منظوم قرآنی آیات ملاحظہ ہوں:
وہ دل جو دور ہیں تجھ سے ترے قریب نہیں
کہیں بھی ان کو...
am offers a complete code of life. It covers all aspects of human life.
Literature, Art and Aesthetics are all a very crucial part of man's life.
Quran and Hadith have had a revitalizing impact on literature. Besides
being the core source of 'the guidance', they are nonetheless significant
literary pieces. Our Holy Prophet (PBUH) himself devoted special focus on
the development and promotion of various genres of prose like
letter-writing, oratory, proverbs, etc. However, poets have been
condemned in the Quran. Our Holy Prophet himself has kept a distance
from poetry. So interestingly poetry has become a rather controversial
literary genre among Muslims.
Therefore in this article we make an effort to see the real Islamic
perspective regarding poetry and poei in light of its original and primary
sources Quran and Hadith
Lady’s finger or Okra is a member of family malvacae. It is multipurpose crop; its fibrous tender fruits called pods are used as vegetable; seeds, stem and roots used for industrials purposes. In past it was considered as minor crop and no care was taken for its improvement at national and international level in research programs. It grows well at temperature ranges of 18 to 35oC and gives highest yield. Heat and drought events will be intensified due change in climate, activating modifications in the ecosystem and failure or low productivity of crops which are prone to abiotic stresses and same case is with okra. Major constraint which affects vegetative and reproductive phase of okra is heat stress. Heat stress damage quality as well as yield of okra. The research was conducted with the aim to screen out genetically diverse and improved germplasm while eradicating physiological and genetic basis of better adaptation under thermal stress and enhancement of heat tolerance by foliar application of proline. In first experiment comparative performance of one hundred okra genotypes was investigated under heat stress condition. For this purpose one hundred (100) okra genotypes were grown under control environmental conditions of high temperature 45/35°C (day/night). Data for morphological attributes (root length, shoot length, shoot and root fresh weight, number of leaves and root and shoot dry weight) and physiological attributes (transpiration rate, stomatal conductance to water, photosynthetic rate, leaf surface temperature, chlorophyll contents, sub-stomatal CO2 and water use efficiency) was recorded. According to recorded data genotypes were classified on the basis of their performance against heat stress conditions. Under heat stress conditions genotypes showed significant different response and genotypes were divided into heat sensitive and heat tolerant ones. VI051062 and VI060131 were categorized as most heat tolerant and VI046554, while VI048594 were categorized as most heat sensitive ones. In second experiment twenty five okra genotypes screened out from one hundred okra genotypes in experiment # 1 in growth room, (twenty heat tolerant and five heat sensitive genotypes) were sown in summer 2014, in the field conditions at vegetable research area of Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Genotypes were sown at three different sowing dates (02, April, 12, April and 22, April) to check the effect of heat stress on different morpho-physiological and yield attributes. All the cultural practices were kept same for all sowing dates and for all genotypes. There were four replications and each replication contained five plants. In this experiment genotypes VI051062 and VI060131 proved to be most heat tolerant while VI046554 and VI048594 proved to be most heat sensitive under field conditions on the basis of morpho-physiological and yield parameters In third experiment four okra genotypes, two tolerant (VI051062 and VI060131) and two sensitive (VI046554 and VI048594) selected from experiment # 2, were exposed to heat stress (45/35°C day/night temperature) under controlled environmental conditions, two weeks after exposure to heat stress plants were sprayed with proline (control, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0mM) to optimize best dose of proline for enhancement the heat tolerance in okra VII genotypes. Morphological and physiological were studied to optimize the best dose of proline for enhancement of heat stress tolerance in okra genotypes. Results revealed that proline application @ 2.5 mM is best for enhancing the heat tolerance potential of okra. Fourth experiment was carried out to check the effect of optimized dose of proline (in experiment # 3) on the morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes of four okra genotypes two heat tolerant and two heat sensitive, under controlled environmental conditions at high temperature 45/35°C (day/night). It was noted that exogenous application of proline @ 2.5 mM significantly affected morphological, physiological, biochemical, water related and enzymatic attributeswhich in turn enhanced the heat tolerance potential of okra genotypes. It can be concluded from the study that by sowing the heat tolerant genotypes, identified in research, the growth period of okra can be extended. Exofenous application of proline @ 2.5 mM can further alleviate the drastic effects of high temperature and growing period can be extended.