اسقاط حمل كے شرعى احكام عصری تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Human beings are the masterpieces of the Creator of the universe and He enjoined them to preserve human life. One form of the preservation of life is the utmost care for the rights of even an embryo. The study of the rights of the embryo laid down in the primary scriptures of Islam suggests that the embryo is accorded respect like living people. The rights of children start well before their birth. At present, cases ofabortion are reported daily. Muslim jurists have dwelled on ordinances about abortion for the benefit of people. At present,  medical science has revealed all the stages of childbirth from conception to delivery. The effects of abortion, both positive and negative, are not hard to grasp in the light of modern scientific research Not to talk of living people, Islam guarantees the life of the early developmental stage of a baby within the uterus of the mother. This extraordinary care for a child during its embryonic period demonstrates that Islam attaches high priority to human life even before its start on the face of the Earth. Should one abort without a legitimate cause, the legal experts from the main schools of Islamic jurisprudence hold that the perpetrator will pay a fine and make compensation. If, on the other hand, a fetus is removed from the womb to end a pregnancy as it may harm a woman physically, it is allowable;  only a healthy mother may give birth to healthy babies. In a like manner, when a couple feels unable to train and educate somany kids, they may have an operation to end a pregnancy by removing an embryo. However, while resorting to abortion,  parents must not lose sight of the do’s and don’ts of abortion jurists have laid down and not just fall victim to the catchy slogan of “family planning”.

Exploring the Perceptions and Practices of College Principals in Managing Government Degree Colleges in Sindh, Pakistan

This research study was conducted in order to explore the perceptions and practices of principals in managing government degree colleges in the context of Sindh, Pakistan. This study focused on exploring the perceptions and practices of the college principals and investigated the challenges they faced in managing their institutions as educational leaders. In their study, Spillane, Halverson, and Diamond (2001) state that "knowing what leaders do is one thing, but without a rich understanding of how and why they do it, our understanding of leadership is incomplete" (p.32). Within the qualitative study approach, the data for this research study was gathered through semi-structured interviews, focused group discussions and observations, so as to ensure the validity of the data. Furthermore, a thematic analysis approach was used to understand the data. Since this study is an effort to explore college principals' perceptions and practices in their settings; therefore, it is of inherent importance. This research endevours a status of uniqueness in its respective field because this subject has not been explored before in the context of college principal ship. The findings of the study has revealed that appointment and posting of principals play an important role in managing institutions. However, this feat is always a great challenge for them because of lack of professional development and unawareness about their leadership role. Most of them have a rich teaching background but minimum management and leadership exposure. The study identified that the principals perceived their leadership role as that of a care giver. They have the instinct to execute their role with responsibility; nevertheless, there are some challenges that act as hurdles in their way. Political influences seem to play an important role in managing these institutions. The study invites researchers to explore more about the different aspects of governance of degree colleges, as this dimension has been under researched so far.