اکرامؔ سانبوی (۱۹۴۲ء۔۲۰۱۱ء) کا اصل نام محمد اکرام ہے۔ آپ ریاست جموں کشمیر کے سرمائی صدر مقام جموں میں پیدا ہوئے۔ آباؤ اجداد کا تعلق ضلع جموں کی تحصل سانبہ سے تھا۔ اسی لیے اکرام سانبوی کہلاتے تھے۔ قیام پاکستان کے بعد جموں سے ہجرت کر کے سیالکوٹ کے محلہ پورن نگر میں آباد ہوئے۔ آپ نے ایم ۔اے اردو اورنیٹل کالج لاہور سے کیا اور اس کے بعد جناح اسلامیہ کالج سیالکوٹ میں اردو کے لیکچرا ر کی حیثیت سے آپ کا تقرر ہوگیا۔(۹۸۷)
اکرام ؔغزل اور نظم کے شاعر ہیں۔ کالج کے زمانے میں انھوں نے کئی مزاحیہ مضامین اور افسانے لکھے جو کالج میگزین کے علاوہ کئی سطح کے ادبوں رسالوں میں شائع ہوئے۔ تنقیدی مضامین اور خصوصاً شاعری کا شوق بڑی عمر میں ہوا۔ اس لحاظ سے ان کی شاعری کی عمر کچھ زیادہ نہیں تاہم ان کے کلام سے ظاہر ہوتا ہے کہ ان میں ایک اچھا شاعر بننے کی پوری صلاحیت ہے۔ اکرامؔ کے کلام میں ہمیں گہرا سماجی شعور ملتاہے۔انھوں نے بڑی خوبصورتی سے اپنی شاعری میں اپنے ماحول کی شعری زبان میں عکاسی کی ہے ۔اور اس کے ساتھ ساتھ اپنے وقت کے مسائل کو بھی بڑی عمدگی سے پیش کیا ہے۔ ان کے ہاں ہمیں افسردگی اور بے چینی نظر آتی ہے۔ جو ان کے دل کی دنیا کی بھر پور عکاسی کرتی ہے:
ہر طرف یاس کا اندھیرا ہے
/زندگی ہو گی اب بسر کیسے
-بے ثمر ہو گئے شجر کیسے
-بے صدا ہو گئے نگر کیسے
(۹۸۸)
زبان شعر...
Music and the instruments used for it are forbidden clearly in Quran and Sunnah. The Prophet Muhammad SAW warned us about its punishment in hereafter. Along with it due to its attraction to human’s interests, Music is often added to various programs. Besides listening it in songs, it is used as background in various audios and videos. The aim of this background music is to make the program more effective and attractive to the audience. As nowadays TV and Radio are also being used as means of preaching Islam, especially in the current age of social media many web and social media channels have been emerged to propagate Islam. One of the main problems been faced by these channels is forbidden of music in Islam, due to which the public does not take enough interest in them as compared to other entertainment channels. In this paper after discussing shariah status of Music I have tried to come up with various alternate ways to make the religious and Islamic Programs more attractive and effective to the people.
The study of Organizational Effectiveness (OE) is an interesting, important yet complex conception, due to its paradoxical nature. The topic itself is relatively challenging to inquire as owing to its broad construct domain which calls for number of different dimensions that may even contradict to each other. However, the present study constituted a cautious and systematic effort to access the OE by utilizing a number of various dimensions extracted through the extensive review of relevant literature, and scrutinized the impact of Organization Demographics (OD), Decision Making Approaches (DMA), Organizational Culture (OC), Managerial Strategies (MS) and Organization Life Cycle Stages (OLCS) on perceived OE. For the purpose, all of the 24 Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) from the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan were selected to diagnose. Since the study employed subjective measures, and so the probability sampling design in terms of disproportionate random sampling procedure and a representative sample size with a narrow margin of error (0.1) imparted significance to the study. Subsequently, a non-experimental and cross sectional data were collected by a web based email as well as conventional paper and pen survey questionnaire through the senior faculty members and administrators, by a six portioned questionnaire adopted from renowned scholars in the field. All the useable returned questionnaires were keyed into SPSS. The preliminary data analyses confirmed the validity of data for final analyses. Thereon, univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques were executed to answer the research questions of the study by testing the eighteen literature derived hypotheses. Consequently, the resultant information of t test revealed a significant difference between all the organizational demographics (public vs. private, PhD awarding vs. non-awarding, different aged grouped and large vs. small institutions) with the exception of unionized and non-unionized faculties to perceived OE. Further, multiple regression analyses substantiated all remaining independent variables as statistically significant predictors of OE. However, in varying strengths and contrasting directions for example in terms of DMA collegial/rational; for OC clan and adhocracy; regarding MS active and pertaining to OLCS collectively, formalization & control and structure and elaboration stages were found positive in relation to perceived OE. Contrarily, autocratic/political DM approach; bureaucratic xivand market cultures; passive strategy and entrepreneurial stage were inversely associated to perceived OE. In addition, correlation analyses of all the continuous independent variables showed as significant relationships to each other but with low to moderate strengths and conflicting directions as well. Moreover, in comparison of public and private HEIs there was no difference indicated in dominated DMA and managerial strategy. Though, the dominated cultures and OLCS for public HEIs indicated as clan & bureaucratic, and all last three OLCS respectively, whereas adhocracy & market cultures, and entrepreneurial stage were exhibited as dominated culture types and OLCS respectively for private HEIs. Also, study empirically validated the Competing Values Model (CVM) of OE in the HEIs context of KP, Pakistan. As a whole, the study concluded that collegial/rational DMA, Clan & Adhocracy culture, active strategy and formalization & control and structure & elaboration OLCS are superlative predictors of OE and recommended for practitioners to exercise in promoting their institutions’ effectiveness. Additionally, it is recommended that public HEIs need to stress on adhocracy culture, while focus of private HEIs should be kept on clan culture to grow into higher OLCS, and consequently to elevate OE. Also, the study recommends the use of CVM as an institutions’ self-diagnostic tool.