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Home > اردو کے داستانوی ادب میں تحیرو تجسس Fantasy کے عناصر

اردو کے داستانوی ادب میں تحیرو تجسس Fantasy کے عناصر

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Iqbal, Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Education

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2014

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Urdu Language

Language

Urdu

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14752/1/2941S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-17 21:08:06

ARI ID

1676728158416

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اردو سیرت نگاری؛چند اہم اردو تصانیف کا تعارف

 

اردو سیرت نگاری؛چند اہم اردو تصانیف کا تعارف

ڈاکٹر محمد انصر جاوید گھمن

ایمان کا ایک بنیادی جز اس بات کا متقاضی ہے کہ نہ صرف اس بات پر یقین کامل ہونا چاہیے کہ حضور اکرمﷺبحیثیت خاتم النبیین اللہ تعالیٰ کے آخری نبی ہیں بلکہ اس کے ساتھ ساتھ آپﷺ کی ذات مبارکہ سے انتہا درجے کا عشق ہونا بھی ضروری ہے اور آپ کی تعلیمات پر عمل پیرا رہنا ہر صاحب ایمان مرد عورت پر فرض ہے۔ بحیثیت مسلمان ہمیں حضور پاک ﷺکی سیرت مبارکہ کے مختلف گوشوں کا مطالعہ کرنے کی ضرورت ہے تا کہ اپنی زندگی میں ان اصولوں کی پیروی کی جائے جو ہمارے لئے اسوہ حسنہ ہیں۔ لین دین کے معاملات سے لے کر حقوق العباد تک، عبادات سے لے کر ایمانیات و روحانیات تک الغرض شعبہ زندگی و عبادات سے متعلق ہر ممکنہ پہلوؤں تک ہماری یہی کوشش رہتی ہے کہ ہم سنت رسولﷺ کی پیروی کریں اور رسول اکرمﷺ کی تمام سنتوں کی مکمل طور پر پیروی کی جائے جو بدعات سے پاک ہوں۔ قرآن کے مطلوب و مقصود کے عین مطابق ہوں اور حضور اکرمﷺ کی اصل تعلیمات و تشریحات پر ہی مبنی ہو۔دین کے ایک طالب علم ہونے کی وجہ سے چونکہ ہم سیرت النبیﷺ کے مطالعہ کی اہمیت سے انکار نہیں  کر سکتے۔ چنانچہ ہماری کوشش رہتی ہے کہ ہماری علمی تراث میں سیرت نگاری پر جتنا لیٹریچر مرتب کیا جا چکا ہے اس کا ایک تاریخی جائزہ لیا جائے۔ مصادر سیرت کے ہر ہر جز کی بنیاد کے فہم کو سمجھا جائے اور ایک عجمی ہونے کے ناطے ہمیں جہاں عربی مصادر سیرت نگاری کا مطالعہ کرنا درکار ہو گا وہیں اردو زبان میں شائع شدہ سیرت نگاری کا ایک تفصیلی و تحقیقی (بشمول...

COMPARISON OF PATELLAR MOBILIZATION AND TAPING IN PATIENT WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME

Background of the Study: To compare patellar taping and mobilization plus conventional therapy for reducing knee pain in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methodology: Controlled trial with 50 participants divided into two groups who received different treatments for 6 weeks: Group A had patellar taping and iliotibial band stretching, while Group B had patellar mobilization and quadriceps strengthening. Participants received three treatment sessions weekly for six weeks. The VAS was used to conduct pre and post-test pain evaluations for groups A and B. Results: Knee pain decreased in PFPS patients receiving patellar taping (Group A) or mobilization (Group B) using VAS (p<0.05). All treatments are effective for PFPS. The VAS scores after 6 weeks of post A and post B treatments assessed. After 6 weeks of taping, mean = 0.76±0.83. After 6 weeks, mean and SD = 1.20±1.12 from patellar mobilization. No significant difference between means (p = 0.12, α ≤ 0.05). Insignificance. Conclusion: The result of the study indicated that after 6 weeks of treatment for both patellar taping and patellar mobilization were effective in decreasing pain in PFPS.

Selective Degradation and Oxidation of Hydroxyethyl Starch for Immobilization of Some Antidiabetic Drugs

The low solubility and permeability of drugs, in general, leads to unsatisfactory pharmacokinetics profile of drugs. Polymer conjugation has attracted increasing interest in pharmaceutical industry for delivering such low molecular weight (Mw) drugs as well as some complex compounds. The objective of this work was to find a method to overcome the solubility and permeability problems using the conjugation strategy. In this regard, hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a highly biocompatible semi-synthetic biopolymer, was used as a drug carrier. N- Arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones were selected as antidiabetic compounds of choice for coupling with HES. The experiments established the viability of a covalent coupling between polymer and N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazoles using a suitable coupling strategy. As a requirement for the desired coupled products, HES must have Mw that is suitable for drug delivery and excretion through the kidney. Therefore, HES needs to undergo a selective degradation. In the present study, two different methods for hydrolysis, i.e. acidic and enzymatic, were used for selective degradation of HES. It was found that the enzymatic hydrolysis method is superior to acidic hydrolysis. The enzymatic method was used to obtain HES of Mw as low as ≈ 10,000 g/mol. The selectively degraded HES was oxidized to generate carboxylic acid groups at the chain ends to serve as a coupling site for N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones, the selected antidiabetic compounds. For oxidation of HES, potassium permanganate and sodium oxychloride were tried as oxidizing agents. The sodium oxychloride method was found advantageous over permanganate method. The degraded and oxidized products were characterized using GPC, IR and NMR techniques. N-Arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones were synthesized using a multistep sequence to serve as antidiabetic compounds. The structures of all the synthesized arylsulfonylbenzimidazolne products and intermediates were established using spectroscopic techniques and the purity ascertained by elemental analysis. The synthesized arylsulfonylbenzimidazolnes were coupled to oxidized HES of molecular weights 17,490 g/mol and 10,067 g/mol by creating an amide linkage between the two units. iiThe coupled products were characterized using GPC, IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The coupled products were screened for their antidiabetic potential on male albino rats of the Sprague–Dawley albino family at a dose of 20 mg and 40 mg per Kg body weight of the rats. It was observed that all the synthesized compounds were highly active. 2,3-Dihydro-3-(4- nitrobenzensulfonyl)-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole (63) was found most potent with a 54 % reduction in blood glucose level of the rats as compared to 41 % reduction produced by tolbutamide and 38 % by glucophage. The coupling of these antidiabetic compounds with oxidized HES resulted in an increase of the hypoglycemic activity of all the compounds. The activity of compound 63 on coupling to HES 10,067 increased to 67 % reduction in blood glucose level.