مولانا افضل حسین
یکم جنوری ۱۹۹۰ء کو جماعت اسلامی ہند کے قیم مولٰینا افضل حسین صاحب کا انتقال ہوگیا ہے۔ اِنَّالِلّٰہِ وَاِنَّا اِلَیْہِ راجعُون۔
مولانا مرحوم حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمان صاحب عثمانی ؒ کے خصوصی رفقاء میں سے تھے۔جب مجلسِ مشاورت کاقیام عمل میں آیاتھا اس وقت حضرت مفتی ؒ کے شانہ بشانہ مولٰینا افضل حسین بھی اس کی کامیابی کے لیے پیش پیش تھے۔ ہندوستان کے مسلمانوں کے ہر چھوٹے بڑے مسئلہ میں ان کی رائے کی اہمیت تھی۔ مولٰینا کاتعلق کئی مذہبی وتعلیمی تنظیموں سے رہا۔ بورڈ آف اسلامک پبلی کیشنز کے قائم مقام صدر تھے۔جس کے زیر اہتمام ہفت روزہ انگریزی ریڈئنس شائع ہوتا ہے۔ ملّت کے اس درد مند خادم رہنما کے انتقال سے ہم سب کوصدمہ ہواہے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم کی مغفرت فرمائے اور متعلقین کو صبرجمیل عطا کرے ۔ آمین۔ [جنوری۱۹۹۰ء]
The aim of this research is to thoroughly analyze the part multilingual dailies play in covering women issues in Pakistan. It is rooted from national newspapers, the Daily ‘Dawn’, the Daily ‘Jang’ and the Daily ‘Kawish’ in the year of 2011. The study explores to what extent of the violence against women and education issue of women is dealt by the sampled dailies. The study employed content analysis a quantitative research methodology during 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2011. The contents of the newspaper were measured in column per centimeter of the space of one year. For this research work three major dailies of three different languages, the Daily Dawn, the Daily Jang and the Daily Kawish were selected. In sum up, an elite class newspaper the Daily Dawn has published 562 very little issues of women and used 0.6 percent of the total capacity which is of 4353024 co./cm in the year of 2011. However, the Sindhi language newspaper, the Daily Kawish has used 2430 a little more issue of women and covered 2.3 percent of total capacity of 1678976 col./cm of this daily in 2011. To some extent, the Urdu language newspaper the Daily Jang has reported 1297 more number of women issues and used 1 percent of total capacity of 2423616 col./cm in one year. Hence, the result shows that Pakistani press gives a little bit space to issues of women rights. Although, the Daily Dawn and the Daily Kawish have reported more issues of violence against women but the Daily Jang (an Urdu language newspaper) has covered more education problems of women in its newspaper in the year of 2011.
Insulin secretory dysfunction is major pathophysiology of diabetes which is aggravated by β-cell apoptosis. Metformin and sulfonylureas, two major oral hypoglycemic agents used for the treatment of diabetes, enhance insulin sensitivity and stimulate insulin secretion, respectively. Though some dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors are reported for β-cell protective activity; however, results are not conclusive yet. Therefore, taking advantage of our in house pure compounds library an attempt was made to identify compounds having β-cell protective as well as insulin secretory activity, and study their mechanism(s) at molecular and cellular levels. In order to evaluate the compounds for this dual activity, we used pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 cells to develop H2O2 mediated apoptosis and glucose stimulated insulin secretory assay systems. Out of 34 tested compounds, seven (7) compounds showed strong β-cell apoptosis inhibitory activity. Amongst them genestein (GS), quercetin (QCT), and cinnamic acid (CA) were evaluatedthrough triple channel immunostaining for mitochondria-actin-nuclei which revealed restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential, preservation of cytoarchitecture of cells and reduced nuclear condensation in MIN6 cells. Oxidative stress mediated activation of cleaved caspase 3 was undetectable in MIN6 cells after treatment with these compounds, further confirming the inhibition of mitochondria mediated apoptosis. Moreover, real time PCR study of mRNA expression showed that QCT and GS both downregulated the expression of apoptotic gene Casp9, and increased expression of both Ins1 and Ins2 genes. GS, QCT and CA also stimulated insulin secretion from MIN6 cells/ mice isolated islets. We found CA significantly inhibited nuclear condensation, decreased TUNEL positivity of pancreatic β-cells and preserved islets cytoarchitecture in Wistar rats. The effect of nicotinamide-cinnamic acid (NA-CA) was also studied in vivo, and we found that NA-CA significantly decreases β-cell apoptosis and induces insulin secretion than these agents alone. Immunohistochemical analysis of NA-CA pre-treated rat pancreas revealed decreased cleaved casp3 levels and increased phosphorylation of ERK½ in β-cells. Moreover, real time PCR anlaysis of NA-CA showed decrease in expression of Casp3 and Casp9 mRNA in MIN6 cells. This suggests that dual effect of NA-CA seems to be mediated via ERK½ signaling pathway and through modulating the mRNA expressions of apoptotic proteins. Intriguingly, we found orobol, tambulin and hispidulin as novel insulin secretagogues in the current study. TM enhanced insulin secretion in a dose dependent manner only at stimulatory glucose concentration in isolated mice islets. Pharmacological inhibition of protein kinase A and calcium channels significantly decreased insulin secretion induced by TM. This suggests that TM exerts an exclusive insulin secretory effect by modulating Ca2+ channels and PKA pathway. From the current study, some compounds with potent insulin secretory activity were identified. Interestingly few lead compounds having dual activity were also discovered. Taken together, these compounds may serve as lead compounds to be further studied for their anti-diabetic activity.