کچھ" نقش فریادی" کے بارے
نقش فریادی ۔۔۔ایک تعارف
وجیہہ ضمیر
"رسالہ " عربی لفظ ہے ۔جس کا معنی ترسیل کا آلہ ہے ۔ اردو رسائل نے اردو زبان و ادب کی ترویج و ترقی میں گراں قدر خدمات سرانجام دی ہیں ۔ ادبی رسالہ میں ادب کی مختلف ادبی جہات مثلاً شاعری،ناول ،افسانہ کو موضوع بنایا گیا ہے ۔ زمانہ قدیم سے عہدجدید تک اردوادبی رسائل کی اہمیت سے انحراف نہیں کیا جاسکتا ۔دنیا کےکسی بھی زبان کے ادب کے فروغ میں رسائل اہم کردار ادا کرتے ہیں ۔ جہاں اردو رسائل نے ہماریروایات و اقدار،تہذیب وتمدن،کلچر،ثقافت میں اہم کردار ادا کیا ہے وہیں ادب کے فروغ میں بھی کلیدی حثیت رکھتے ہیں ۔ اردو ادبی رسائل ہمارےتنقیدی نظریات و معیاری تخلیقات اور فکر و فن کو موضوع سخن بناتے ہیں اور ادب کی ترویج و ترقی میں اہم کردار ادا کرتے ہیں ۔ اردو رسائل نےادب کے مختلف موضوعات کو اپنے دامن میں جگہ دی ہے۔اورادبی رسائل خصوصی ادبی شمارے یا ادبی رسائل نمبرز بھی شائع کرتے ہیں جن میں افسانہ نمبر ، ناول نمبر ، غالب نمبر ، شاعری نمبر ، اقبال نمبر ، غزل نمبر،مرثیہ نمبر ،نعت نمبر اور ناولٹ نمبراور خصوصی شخصیت نمبر بھی جاری کئے ہیں ۔ اردو رسائل و جرائدادب کے ترجمان ہیں اردو ادبی ورسائل وجرائد انسانی جذبات و احساسات کی بھر پور عکاسی کرتے ہیں۔ ادبی رسائل ادبی صحافت کے میدان میں بھی بہت اہمیت کے حامل ہیں ۔ان ادبی رسائل میں ہفتہ وار، ماہنامہ ، سہ ماہی ، ششماہی ، اور سالانہ مجلے بھی ہوتے ہیں کیوں کہ ان کی اشاعت کی مدت مختلف ہوتی ہے ۔ یہ ۔سیاسی ، سماجی ،مذہبی اور ادبی شعور کو اجاگر کرتے ہیں ۔
برصغیر پاک وہندمیں ادبی رسائل...
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the impact of IASTM on musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries.
Materials and Methods: In order to find terms like "instrument," "assisted," "soft tissue dysfunction AND wrist, back, elbow, knee, ankle and foot", "interventions AND IASTM," studies from conception to December 2021 were systematically analyzed across seven electronic databases: Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, PEDro, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria for the systematic review were thus met by (n=14) randomized controlled studies.
Results: IASTM treatments are associated with both short and long-term pain reduction and improved functioning. IASTM was discovered to have a short-term favorable effect on the functioning of patients with soft tissue injuries.
Conclusion: It was established that IASTM had a short-term positive impact on the functionality of individuals with soft tissue injuries in different body regions. Future researches should focus on acquiring information about long-term effects using credible evidence.
Education is a fundamental human right and it has been recognized by international community, organizations and leaders of the world in various treaties and conventions. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is the most significant which was adopted by 189 nations of the world during UN Millennium Summit in September 2000. Eight goals were set to be achieved up to 2015 wherein Goals No. 2 is directly related to Universal Primary Education. Pakistan has made various commitments at national and international level including MDGs for achieving Universal Primary Education but the latest indicators showed that Pakistan is unlikely to achieve the desired targets. The current study was designed to explore the gaps between commitment and implementation in achieving Universal Primary Education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives of the study were to (a) study the commitment made by Government of Pakistan at National and International level, (b) trace out the gaps between commitment and implementation, (c) analyze barriers to educational access of vulnerable children, (d) explore the role of development partners and (e) identify motivating factors and de- motivating factors in achieving Universal Primary Education. The target population of the study was consisted the policy makers and implementers involved in policy & planning formulations and implementation at federal and provincial level, the Executive District Officers of the Elementary & Secondary Education Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Development Partners of the E&SED, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Vulnerable/disadvantaged children that were out of school in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Different techniques were used for data collection for different group of ixpopulation. Questionnaire was used to collect data from EDOs. The data from children and their parents, policy makers and development partners were collected through interview. The document analysis was made of the prevailing practices of the government in contrast with the National Education Policy-2009. The data collected from EDOs through questionnaire was analyzed through Mean Score. The data collected through interview were analyzed qualitatively through thematic approach. Findings of the study revealed the inadequate physical facilities, Poverty, Gender discrimination, lack of awareness, and low investment in education sectors are the major out of school factors. Corporal punishment, authoritarian role of the teachers and harsh environment of the schools discourage parents and their children to enroll and retain in schools. Parental motivation and cultural impediments for girl’s children were found dishearten. Certain initiatives have been taken by the Government including strengthening of Parent-Teacher- Councils, Independent Monitoring Units, provision of free text books etc and were found helpful. On the basis of the findings, recommendations were made for allocation of budget to education sector as committed in National Education Policy, 2009, provision of missing facilities in schools, incentives to families of vulnerable children through income support programme (conditional cash transfer) and second shift schooling with the flexibility of time and schedule for these children.