Work Fatigue Determination of Nurses in Hospital of Hasanuddin University

This study aims to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI), sleep patterns, working years, physical workload, mental workload, and work time on work fatigue on nurses at Hasanuddin University Hospital Makassar. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 56 people. Sampling using a simple random sampling method. Data collection was carried out by means of a questionnaire. Bodyweight is measured by weight scales, body temperature is measured by microtoice, and physical workload is measured by a pulse oximeter, which is by looking at the pulse of the nurse before and after work. Data analysis in this study used the SPSS program. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between Body Mass Index (BMI) on work fatigue (p = 0.001), there is an effect of sleep patterns on work fatigue (p = 0.019), there is an effect of tenure on work fatigue (p = 0.017), the relationship between physical workload and work fatigue (p = 0.000), there is an effect of mental workload on work fatigue (p = 0.000) and there is an effect of length of work on work fatigue (p = 0.017). The physical workload is the variable with the greatest influence on work fatigue on nurses at Hasanuddin University Hospital Makassar with Exp. (B) = 14,526. The results of this study concluded that there was a significant influence between the Body Mass Index (BMI), sleep patterns, years of work, physical workload, mental workload, and length of work for nurses at Hasanuddin University Hospital Makassar.

Ethnopharmacological Studies of Jsminum Sambac L. Aition, Olea Europael. and Olea Ferruginea Royal

The present investigation was carried out to explore the ethnopharmacological potential of ethnobotanically important three plants, Olea europaea L., O. ferruginea Royle and J. sambac (L.) Aiton belonging to family Oleaceae. The stem and leaf powder of all these plants were macerated in polar and non-polar solvents, i.e. distilled water, ethanol, chloroform and n-hexane, respectively. Maximum percentage yield was obtained in the stem aqueous extract of Olea ferruginea (13.11%) while least in stem chloroform extracts of Jasminum sambac (2.1%). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinines, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, saponins and terpenoids in moderate quantity in Olea europaea and O. ferruginea while least amount in Jasminum sambac which was further confirmed by FTIR analysis. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was checked against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and found maximum with stem ethanol extract of Olea europaea, i.e. 38.07±2.76 mm against P. aeruginosa while minimum by stem chloroform extract of Olea ferruginea, i.e. 5.23±1.08 mm against E. coli. The stem aqueous extract of Olea europaea, stem n- hexane extract of Olea ferruginea and stem ethanol extract of Jasminum sambac showed MIC at 1.25mg/mL. The antioxidant analysis concluded that ethanol leaf extract of Olea ferruginea demonstrated IC50 value 12 μg/mL (DPPH scavenging activity). Significant metal chelating activity was observed by stem chloroform extract of Olea europaea 98.06±1.61%. Ethanol stem extract of Olea europaea presented maximum % inhibition of peroxidation (91.72±1.60 %) as compared to other extracts of Olea ferruginea and Jasminum sambac. Maximum amount of total phenolic contents were found in the leaf ethanol extracts of (142.97±1.67 GAE μg/mL). Leaf ethanol extract of Olea ferruginea and Olea europaea presented maximum total antioxidant activity (1.551±0.657 AE μg/mL) and (1.493±0.762) respectively. Molecular identification of universal FMDV was accomplished using Reverse Transcriptase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). BHK-21 cells were used to check toxicity of different extracts of tested plants while their antiviral potency was also examined against FMDV. It was observed that alcohol leaf extracts of Olea europaea had potent antiviral activity at concentration range of 31.25μg/mL to 250μg/mL with CSP ranging from 51% to 63% followed by activity of chloroform extracts where cell survival percentage was observed 54% and xiii 57% at concentration 31.25μg/mL and 62.5μg/mL respectively. The n-hexane leaf extract of O. europaea exhibited antiviral activity at concentration of 15.62μg/mL to 125μg/mL. CSP in aqueous extracts was 50% at concentration range of 31.25μg/mL and 62.5μg/mL, respectively. All stem extracts of Jasminum sambac were found non-toxic to BHK-21 cells at different concentrations but had no antiviral potential against FMDV at the same concentration range. On the basis of the results obtained in the present studies, the traditional use of the three targeted plants of family Oleaceae as food, fodder, feed and medicine seems appropriate and thus is justified.