ادب میں دلچسپی
ناطق کو بچپن ہی سے ادب میں گہری دلچسپی تھی بتاتے ہیں کہ وہ میٹرک تک نصاب کی کتا بیں نہیں پڑھا کرتے تھے بلکہ دوسری کتابو ں کو پڑھنے اور گھر کے پاس سکول کی لائبریری جانے میں زیادہ دلچسپی تھی اور بقول ان کے انھوں نے بچپن میں ہی ایسی کتا بیں پڑھ رکھی تھیں جن میں کسی کوکم ہی گہری دلچسپی ہو سکتی ہے مثلاً ’’داستان امیر حمزہ‘‘’’الف لیلا‘‘ یہ کتابیں وہ بچپن میں ہی پڑھ چکے تھے اور ان میں سے بہت سے صفحات ان کو زبانی یاد بھی تھے ایک دلچسپ واقعہ جس کاذکر کرتے ہوئے وہ کہتے ہیں :
’’آب حیات کتاب جب میں نے پڑھی تو وہ مجھے ایسے ماحول اور کلچر میں لے گئی کہ وہ کتاب میں نے تقریباًچالیس دفعہ پڑھی ہوگی جب بھی پڑھتا ہوں تو ایک نیا لطف آتا ہے۔میں نے سوچا کہ شاعر ایسے ہوتے ہیں یہ تو بہت اچھے لوگ ہیں اور ان کی حرکتیں بھی مجھے راس آئیں اس میں جتنے شاعر تھے میرے لیے خاص طور پر ان دنوں وہاں مجھے انشاء جی بہت بھائے جس طرح مولوی آزاد صاحب نے مصحفی ساتھ ان کی مبالغہ آرائی کروائی ہے۔بچپن میں ایک بندے کو ہیرو کی طرح سمجھ لیا جاتا ہے میرے لیے مصحفی ان دنوں ولن تھا مولوی آزاد نے ان کو ولن بنا کررکھ دیا تھا۔اب ہوش آیا توپتا چلا مولوی آزاد کیسے کھیل کھیلتے تھے۔(2)
کتابوں سے دلچسپی ان کی نہ صرف ادب سے راہیں ہموار کرتی گئی بلکہ ادبی دنیا میں ممتاز لکھاری کے طور پر پہچان کا باعث بنی۔
This research article is based upon critical analysis of D.S Margoliouth’s indictment regarding pious lineage “Nasb e Muṭahharra”. Generally Orientalists have tried to affect the image of the Prophet Muḥammad (s.a.w) and prevailed uncertainties. It affects a large number of Muslim Scholars, intellectuals and youngsters because Orientals’ are well aware that Muslims cannot be defeated in battle-fields unless they are defeated in the field of faith and ideology. Our aim is to protect less aware Muslims, intellectuals and youngsters form the pseudo and grimy views of the Orientalists. Like other prejudice Orientalists D.S. Margoliouth have also indictments regarding lineage (Nasb e Muṭahharra) in his book “Muḥammad and The Rise of Islam”. Margoliouth argue with texts of Qur’ān and Ḥadith, without having any relation with the passage, to identify the essence of his ill well, hatred and prejudice with in the eyes of Muslims and common readers at large. This article concern five allegations of D.S. Margoliouth on the lineage “Nasb e Muṭahharra” and concludes that he failed to maintain his objectivity in the description of lineage “Nasb e Muṭahharra”.
The increase in the availability of multimode devices for ubiquitous network ac- cess and the need for larger bandwidth create thrust for utilization of simultaneous network connections. Unfortunately, the standard transport layer protocols like the transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) have architectural constraints due to which an Internet application can use only one interface at a time. The stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) provides support for concurrent multipath transfer (SCTP-CMT). Aggregated performance is analyzed with a number of experiments to measure the aggregated throughput of SCTP-CMT by using a very popular network simulator, NS-2. It is observed that the aggregated throughput is about 20% of the available aggregated band- width. The signi cant reduction in the aggregated throughput demands a careful scrutinization of its reasons. After carefully analyzing and carrying out some further experiments, it is di- agnosed that non-di erentiation of missing packets into intra and inter-path, usage of traditional congestion window management for these missing packets and using static fast retransmit threshold which is independent of available receiver bu er space, are the main reasons for the aggregated throughput degradation. Simulta- neous multipath transmission (SMT) schemes are proposed to handle the above mentioned issues with the intention to increase aggregated throughput by avoid- ing Rbuf blocking problem and e cient utilization of available Rbuf space. SMT- modi ed fast retransmit (SMT-MFR) and SMT-adaptive modi ed fast retransmit (SMT-AMFR) schemes are formulated for SCTP. To analyze the SMT-MFR in realistic network environments, a number of simulation scenarios are carried out. The initial results revealed that SMT-MFR has overcome Rbuf blocking with im- provement in aggregated throughput ranging from 164% to 72.4% (from normal to worst scenario respectively). SMT- MFR is composed of two sender side modules, i.e., inter-path missing packet di erentiation (IMPD) and multihomed congestion control (MCC). The IMPD module di erentiates the missing packets according to its cause of missing such as, packet missing due to network congestion or due to multiple path e ects. The MCC mechanism triggers the fast retransmit event with respect to the cause of the missing packet. The SMT-MFR has successfully over- come the Rbuf blocking problem, abnormal congestion window (cwnd) reduction and has improved the aggregated throughput.