والیؔ آسی
۱۴؍ اپریل کو اردو کے ایک خوش گو اور خوش فکر شاعر والی آسی کا انتقال ہوگیا، انہیں شاعری اور اردو زبان کی خدمت کا ولولہ اپنے نامور والد، مولانا عبدالباری آسی مرحوم سے وارثت میں ملا تھا۔ والی مرحوم کی تعلیم ممتاز اسکول اور امیر الدولہ اسلامیہ کالج لکھنؤ میں ہوئی تھی۔ جناب ساجد لکھنوی سے ان کی دوستی تھی، دونوں نے لاٹوش روڈ پر مکتبہ دین و دنیا قائم کیا، جہاں سے متعدد مجموعے شائع کئے، دونوں نے مل کر نعتیہ کلام کا ایک مجموعہ " ارمغانِ نعت" کے نام سے مرتب کر کے شائع کیا تھا، جو بہت مقبول ہوا۔
والی مرحوم شریف، ملنسار مگر خود دار شخص تھے، صوم و صلوٰۃ کے پابند تھے ان کی شاعری فکر و خیال کی مہارت اور اسلامی رنگ کی حامل ہوتی تھی، ان کے دو مجموعے ’’شہد‘‘ اور ’’موم‘‘ کے نام سے شائع ہوچکے ہیں، رسالوں میں بھی ان کا کلام چھپتا رہتا تھا، مشاعروں میں بھی شریک ہوتے تھے، ان کا ترنم بہت اچھا تھا مگر اکثر تحت اللفظ پڑھتے تھے، آواز اتنی پاٹ دار ہوتی تھی کہ سامعین خود بہ خود متوجہ ہوجاتے تھے، اپنے جان دار کلام کی وجہ سے ملک کے علاوہ دوحہ، قطر، مسقط، جدہ، دبئی، لندن، اور نیویارک کے مشاعروں میں بھی مدعو کئے جاتے تھے، ان کے شاگردوں کا وسیع حلقہ تھا، جن میں مشہور شاعر منور رانا بھی ہیں، وہ بڑے یار باش تھے، امین آباد میں ان کی دکان پر دوست شاعروں کا جمگھٹ رہتا تھا۔ ان کے چند اشعار ملاحظہ ہوں، جو آزادی کے پچاس ۵۰ برس گزرنے کی مناسبت سے کہے گئے ہیں:
کبھی کیا نہ کسی سے بیاں پچاس برس
کہ ہم نے کیسے گزارے یہاں پچاس برس
یہ چاہتے تھے قصیدہ ترا لکھیں لیکن
لہو میں ڈوبی رہیں انگلیاں پچاس...
“This Quran has been revealed in seven different ways; so, recite it in the way that is easier for you.” This hadith is Recurrent in meaning. The narrator Imam Abu Ubaid Qasim Bin Salam (R.A) has elucidated its recurrence. Imam Abn-e- Jouzi (R.A) has collected all its ways in a Journal. What is meant by “Seven Words” in this Hadith? It has been a controversial point among the ulemas and scholars. And no doubt, it has been regarded as the most difficult debate of Uloom-ul- Quran. There have been severe controversies in this regard, so far as Allama Ibn-e - Arabi has mentioned thirty-five sayings. Some of them are as following:
Some think these are the ways of recitations of seven famous Qaries.
Some think that it means all the ways of recitations. But “Seven” does not means the number 07, because in Arabic language, it is used to describe the plenty of something. Qazi Ayyaz from Earleir Ulemas had the same opinion, while in the later period; Shah Wali-Ullah also had the same views.
Some think that it means seven dialects of Arab Tribes. Imam Abu Hatim Sajestani (R.A) determined the name of these languages. They are Quraish, Hazial, Teem, Al-Rubab, Azd, Rabbia, Hawazan, and Saad bin Abi-Bakar. Hafiz Abn-e- Jareer Tibri (R.A) agreed to this school of thought. The fourth famous saying is that of Imam Tehavi (R.A.) he says that although he Holy Quran has been revealed in the dialect of Quraish. But it was difficult for the people of other tribes, which came of different areas of Arab. That is why, in the beginning, they were permitted to recite the Holy Quran in their local languages, and the words or ways were determined by the holy prophet (P.B.U.H) himself. Later, it was prohibited. There remained only the one way of recitation in which the holy Quran was revealed. HAzrat Sufian bin Aiena (R.A), Abn-e-Wahab (R.A) and Hafiz Ibn-e- Abdul Bar (R.A) agreed to this opinion.
Famous interpreter Allama Nizamul Din Nishapori (R.A) says that it means the following differences in the recitation.
Differences between Singular and Plurals
Differences between Muscular and Feminine
Differences of the causes of Araabs
Differences of Morphology (Formation of Words)
Differences of syntax (Sentence Structure)
Differences of the ways which changes words
Differences of dialects
Allama Abn-e- Qutaiba, (R.A), Imam Razi Qazi (R.A) and Abu Bakar(R.A) and Abn-e Aljuzri (R.A) also adopted this saying of Allama Nisahpuri.(R.A).
Novel polyamidoximes, poly(amide-imide)s, poly(ester-imide)s along with crosslinked polyamidoximes and polyamides have been reported in this thesis. The foremost goal of the current research endeavor is to design some new adsorbents dealing with adsorption of heavy metal cations, with excellent thermal resistance. The designed monomers (2,6-bis(4-chloroformylphenoxy)benzonitrile, 2,6-bis(4aminophenoxy) benzonitrile, 5-(5-carboxy-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) isophthalic acid)bearing pre-formed linkages were synthesized and employed for the novel polymer synthesis.Monomer synthesis was confirmed using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic analysis while polymer formation confirmed by molecular weight (GPC), XRD and TGA data study. Condensation polymerization was used for the fabrication of polymeric materials. In cross-linked polymers much better crystallinity in addition to boost in thermal resistance was noted. The incorporation of various linkages with more electronegative centers provided polymers with high molecular weights, improved crystalline nature, advanced thermal stability and efficient adsorption capacity. The effect of numerous groups towards adsorption capacity of Cd+2 and Pb+2 was scrutinized following a thorough study of adsorption by batch process. Effects of variable pH, contact time, amount of adsorbent and concentration of adsorbate were deliberately studied with a maximum uptake at pH 6 and 3h of contact time. AAS provided information about the metal ion concentration in the media before and after the adsorption process. The adsorption process was found to be favorable following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm as compared to Freundlich, thus giving an insight to monolayer adsorption over a range of concentration studied. Their ease in formation, high molar mass, heat stability and metal binding ability depict their compliance, rendering them a key material in future polymer science.