Factors Affecting Human Rights in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the situation of human rights is comparatively worse. Factors affecting human rights in this province include failure to guarantee good governance, growing poverty, illiteracy, violence, terrorism, worsening security, social injustice, political instability, and economic turmoil. These factors have been affecting adversely the human rights. To ensure human rights in the province, the execution of international human rights laws needs to be implemented. It is required to ensure good governance, peace and stability to ensure viable environment, provision of sustainable and quality education and reduce poverty. Unless the favourable environment be provided to the people at large, human rights violations may be continued. This paper attempts to know about the factors affecting human rights in the province and present some solid recommendations and policy options.

Numerical Investigation of Couple Stress Fluid in Bounded and Semi-Bounded Domains

The main aim of this thesis is to present the numerical investigation of couple stress fluid in bounded and semi-bounded domains. The theory of couple stresses first introduced by Stokes, explain the rheological behavior of various complex non Newtonian fluids which preserves couple stresses and body couples and represents the simplest generalization of the classical fluid theory. Such flows have promising applications in engineering, bio-medical and chemical industries, for example, continuous stretching of plastic films, artificial fibers, metal extrusion, metal spinning, glass blowing, continuous casting,the extrusion of a polymer sheet from a die, the drawing of plastic films, etc. The efforts have been made to analyze the flow of couple stress fluid flowing over various possible flow situations, such as stretching sheet, porous shrinking sheet, two dimensional and axisymmetric flow over moving plate, off centered rotating disk, etc. The problems varies by considering effect of a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), chemical reactions, stagnation point and partial slip condition on the flow. The heat transfer effects in the flow over stretching sheet would also be examined for the two heating processes, PST (prescribed surface temperature case) and PHF (prescribed heat flux case). The non-perturbative methods and Runge-Kutta method coupled with shooting technique have been implemented to obtain the solutions of considered problems.Moreover, some other flow problems of this kind of fluid will also be considered.