Fazle Haq Khayrabadi: An Extraordinary Personality

This is an account of the life and works of Fazle Haq Khayrabadi, a great but forgotten Indian Muslim religious scholar and thinker of the 19th century is presented. Coming from a family of great distinction, Fazle Haq Khayrabadi was an author, poet and philosopher who expressed himself in Arabic, Persian and Urdu. Especially relevant is the dedication and fervor with which Khayrabadi participated in all stages of the First Indian War of Independence of 1857 [also termed the Great Mutiny], for which he was exiled to the Andaman Islands by the British rulers of India, where he died in 1862. The remarkable personality of Fazle Haq Khayrabadi [17871862] has been forgotten by an ungrateful nation that does not honour its heroes but instead buries them under the debris of history. A great scholar, familiar with the diverse disciplines in the Islamic sciences, and the Imam of the Khayrabadi school of logic and philosophy, he, also a son the great Fazle Imam Khayrabadi, distinguished himself early for his intellectual prowess and strength of genius. Amazingly, such a scholar, devoted to academics, was also a fighter and participant in the War of Independence of 1857, and a member of the revolutionary council that directed its strategy. For this, he suffered imprisonment at the hands of the vengeful British, who sentenced him to hard labour in the distant Andaman Islands – where he died ‘across the black water’.

Estimation of Cadmium and Calcium Concentration in Puntius Tetrazona Tiger Barb from Multan

This research showed a brief description for the effects on Calcium and Cadmium on fish culture. The effect of Ca and Cd in fish was considered for both laboratory and field studies. Although the heavy metals showed significant effects on morphometry of fish yet calcium had a vital role in this regard. The heavy metals present in water somehow showed drastic effects on fish growth. The heavy metals came in the body of fish by aquatic pollutants that resulted in poisoning of fish. These heavy metal pollutants not only showed bad effects on fish morphometry but also on its reproduction, size, feeding habits and many other trends. In Multan region, aquatic conditions were not so good and may be contaminated with different types of heavy metals. This contaminated water used in fish aquarium could effect on morphological features of Tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona).Unfortunately in this area such type of research had not been done. So far by this research, it showed various features for ichthyologists to work at effects of heavy metals on aquarium fish. In this research, every sample of fish (Puntius tetrazona) was subjected through its morphometry and dried it and was finally grinded. After grinding technique, samples were processed for ash formation. After that ash dissolved in 1%HNO3 in its solution. Finally elemental analysis was done by ICP technique. Presence of Calcium and Cadmium was confirmed and its effect was determined on Puntius tetrazona by statistical technique. Estimation of Calcium and cadmium in Puntius tetrazona was determined. Value for calcium (Ca) was noted to be 1.259 -117.777 ?gg which was significant while range of Cd was 0-0 that was non-significant. Inter elemental regression Calcium and Cadmium was determined as 1 that was also significant value. By analyzing different techniques it was summarized that fish size, length and weight had significant effect on the concentration of Calcium as relationship was found significant in correlation. Condition factor significantly affected the concentration of Calcium but remained unaffected with concentration of Cadmium in this study work, and maximum - minimum fish body size were estimated as 3.9 to 5.3 cm.